Experiencing Slavery Through Octavia Butlers Kindred Essay -- Octavia

Authors of fiction often write about the human condition as a way to connect with a broad range of readers. Unlike factual textbooks, fiction gives characters feeling and emotion, allowing us to see the story behind the basic details. In many cases, readers gain a new perspective on a period of time by examining a fiction novel. In Kindred, by Octavia Butler, the near death experiences of Rufus Weylin transports a 20th century African American woman named Dana to the ante bellum South to experience exactly what it’s like to be a slave. Through her day-to-day life on the Weylin plantation, the reader begins to understand just how complex slavery is and how it affects both the slaves and the plantation owners; thus, giving new meaning and an added sense of realism to this 19th century practice of exploitation. On the surface, slavery was a system in which Africans were bought and sold as property. However, by reading Kindred, the reader begins to realize that the system was much more complex. In other words, both plantation owners and slaves focused on retaining their property or staying alive, respectively. Butler illustrates this throughout the text. Seen as inferior and subhuman by whites, slaves were often only able to trust and rely on each other. When Dana is transported to the 19th century, she realizes her need to escape. However, the only way she can do this is by allowing Rufus to lead her in the right direction. As he does this, she wonders whether he is setting a trap for her. She says, â€Å"I realized suddenly how easy it would be for him to betray me—to open the door and run away or shout an alarm† (32). In addition to illustrating a lack of trust for whites, this scene also depi... ...up call. Work Cited Butler, Octavia. Kindred. Boston: Beacon Press, 1979. Hairston, Andrea. â€Å"Octavia Butler – Praise Song to a Prophetic Artist.† Daughters of Earth: Feminist Science Fiction in the Twentieth Century. Middeltown: Wesleyan University Press, 2006. Works Consulted Alaimo, Stacey. â€Å"’Skin Dreaming': the Bodily Transgerssions of Fielding Burke, Octavia Butler, and Linda Hogan.† Ecofeminist Literary Criticism. Chicago: University of Illinois Press,1998. Francis Consuela, ed. Conversations with Octavia Butler. Jackson: University Press Mississippi, 2010. Govan, Sandra Y. â€Å"Homage to Tradition: Octavia Butler Renovates the Historical Novel† Melus 13 Nos. 1-2 (spring-summer 1986): 79-96 Mitchell, Angelyn. â€Å"Not Enough of the Past: Feminist Revisions of Slavery in Octavia E. Butler’s â€Å"Kindred.†Ã¢â‚¬  Melus, Vol 26, No #, 2001

Classical Sociology

Dustin Jones There were many social theorists from the period of the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This period of time is regarded as the period of the Enlightenment. A few of the major figures of this particular â€Å"movement† were Rene Descartes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant. They altered the way in which the social world was viewed and helped pave the way for other classical social theorists to explain the individual’s role in society.Karl Marx, Alexis de Tocqueville, Henri De Saint-Simon, and Emile Durkheim are only the names of a few classical social theorists who set out to explore the role of an individual within society. These men believed that Reason, along with the application of a scientific approach, would be able to positively change the world and break through to a new form of power and authority. Although the ideas and theories of these men give rise to far greater advancement in sociological theory, there is a failure in intuiti on, and thus, a failure of the classical sociological element.The first section of this paper includes an explanation of classical sociology along with an overview of the theories associated with some of the greatest sociologists of this time. The next section of this paper explores reasons and explanations for the failure of classical social theory and interpretations to why before-mentioned theories were compromised. The final section of this paper summarizes some of the conclusions drawn about the failure of this particular ideology. I. Classical Sociology/Theories Explained Classical sociology includes the idea that people can change the course of history through developmental progress.The object of study was society itself. The development of modern, industrial, and capitalist societies was believed to have separated people from the traditional way of living. The explanations and theories derived from them were a way to correlate the new society with the structure, organization , and dynamics derived from the social world. One form of classical sociological theory attempts to establish a causal relationship for institutions while another form of sociological theory argues that the causal explanation for these institutions is not justifiable. The approach is not pertinent, but what is ertinent is classical sociology explains the interaction of individuals in society, and paves the way for advancement to an explanation of the contemporary world. On page 2 in Classical Sociological Theory: A Reader, Ian McIntosh states: â€Å"The more optimistic Enlightenment thinkers thought that Reason could guide a process of positive change in the world and individuals could influence the course of history in the name of ‘Progress’. Such ‘Progress’ could, it was hoped, free the individual from the yoke and shackles of traditional forms of power and authority- embodied by religion and the myriad ties of feudal obligation. Karl Marx was one of the se great social thinkers who explains society in terms of social class and the material of the worker. He felt there was great conflict between the capitalists and the working class. The term capitalist is synonymous with the bourgeoisie: these were the people who controlled the land, the factories, and sought the most interest in personal gain. He believed that the value of anything is basically the amount of labor which it takes to produce it. In this way, he felt that profit can only be made by any surplus after the amount of labor it takes to feed, clothe, and shelter a man is produced.From this theory, he believed in the exploitation of labor. He believed that with the rise of industrialization, profits would actually fall because each industry is trying to keep up with the next guy: the cost manufacturers make for machinery goes up while what is being produced drops. Karl Marx also gives a fairly detailed description of the fall of capitalism. He believed that the downfall of capitalism was inevitable. Over time, the decline in the rate of profit would be one of the factors contributing to the downfall of capitalism.The idea is that the productive tools used for industrialization are badly utilized when workers are unemployed and goods produced are no longer meeting effective demands. Capitalism begins to move toward a huge industrial monopoly (Collins, Makowsky, p. 37). This affects the smaller capitalists who are forced to join the proletariat. The unemployment keeps high competition for jobs while those who are looking for change become more and more agitated. He believed that the economy would reach a point where the only obstacle standing in the way is a revolt within the working class and the initialization of socialism.Alexis de Tocqueville, also known as the Last Gentleman, also believed in the working class as a great supporter for the economy, and found much inspiration for the establishment of democracy after his visit to the United States. He was a great pessimist of his time and did not much believe in progress, which is exactly what other sociologists were aiming for in their research. He was one of the first foreigners to recognize the American project for a better life: freedom. He saw the coming of democracy as more than just a social or economic development; he thought that God had his hand in giving democracy to the people.One of the first things that stood out to Alexis de Tocqueville upon his arrival to the United States is the display of equality. One example in this display of equality which he noticed is that the relationship between the employer and the employee was strikingly different. In France, where Tocqueville is from, this type of relationship could be compared to a master and his servant; but in the United States, he notices that the employee is actually under contract to share labor. He also noticed that there was a lack of the simulated bonds of property which he had been so accustomed to back hom e.In the United States, personal relationships were strengthened by bonds of personal affection. This is due to the fact that family members were no longer trying to control one another for the sake of keeping any sort of wealth and ownership within the family. People were allowed to make their own decisions and were free to fall in love with whomever they choose. On page 109, in his Democracy in America, Alexis de Tocqueville states: â€Å"Here and there, in the midst of American society, you meet with men, full of fanatical and almost wild enthusiasm, which hardly exists in Europe. Emile Durkheim was someone who might say that crime in America is the glue with which people are held together. This is represented in his belief that crime helped to bring a society closer together. Meetings were held in which people would congregate to discuss the criminal activity of the community, thus enhancing the relationships within society. When a person is punished for his crime, then the rec ognition of that punishment is a reaffirmation of the law and helps to strengthen the bond of society.He also explains that criminal behavior can help to establish new ideas within a society and in turn, help that society to develop (Marsh, Gaynor, p. 97). Durkheim also came to the realization that all religions have sacred objects and that these sacred objects are a creation of society. If people pursue a high moral character by living up to the codes formed by these religions, this will reflect individualism as well as enhance social unity. II. Failure of Sociological Theories One of the major objections to Karl Marx’s ideology is the criticism brought forth to his labor theory of value.According to John R. Pottenger, in The Political Theory of Liberation Theology: Toward a Reconvergence of Social Values and Social Science, he believes that within the labor theory of value, assumptions based on values must be â€Å"purged† in order to create an objective perspective of social science, but since valued are not able to be â€Å"purged†, as he states, then this particular theory is open to speculation. Once mankind developed an industry strong enough which required the use of machines and tools to produce profit, Marx did not make any distinction between the idea of capital and labor.The use of machines was actually operated by the labor force and was not meant to replace the labor force, but they helped in establishing more wealth. Another problem with which Karl Marx did not discern was his idea that the labor force would use the power of politics to overthrow capitalism and strengthen political gain. The working class actually uses the power of politics to cultivate and modify capitalism in a way which is better suited for society. With the improvement of technology, there came an increase in employment opportunities, thus creating more jobs and strengthening the working class as a whole.This only helped to solidify the establishment of a capitalistic society. One of the biggest problems with Marx’s ideology which supports the failure of classical sociological theory is he underestimated the role that he and his ideas play in shaping history. Through the observation of Marx’s ideology, it is where society finds that supply and demand makes much more sense and that democracy is the basis for a well-rounded economy. Alexis de Tocqueville is a great supporter for this democracy, but some of his ideas about equality were flawed.He used the word democracy as if it were synonymous with equality. In this way, he felt that there was much more equality in the United States than there really was. He did not understand the social classes which were introduced to him in the United States and believed that the middle class were the poor people. This gave him the perception that equality was more wide-spread than it really was. This correlates to the idea that no matter how deeply democracy is rooted within a socie ty, it is not able to help all of those in need.One of the biggest setbacks to Emile Durkheim’s theory for criminal activity is that crime creates constant tension between members of a society. Criminal activity is known to tear families apart, create havoc, and in some instances, is a focal point for the deterioration of a particular society. Also, an increase in crime rate can bring an increase of frightened civilians who live in that society. Although criminal activity is a normal part of society, as Durkheim would say it is, it does not undermine the fact that it brings about a kind of pain and suffering, a lower quality of life if you will.III. Conclusions The most prominent factor in establishing the paradoxical failure of classical sociological theory is the rise in information technology which has brought about a better global economy. (Haferkamp, p. 218) There has been an increase in the sharing of information along with a way to actually restructure the capitalist s ociety. Also, the social theories that have been attributed to this period of â€Å"Enlightenment† were substantiated by societal norms of a period of time that was considered to be modern.What is considered to be â€Å"modern† times has drastically changed between now and then, and as such, theories pertinent to that day and time are no longer relevant. Industry is booming, technology is far more advanced, criminal activity is on the rise, and what is considered to be societal norms is much different. Also, the application of these sociological theories to what was considered to be societal norms does not include any use of an experimental method for testing hypotheses. With an experimental method for conducting research, researchers are able to manipulate one variable while comparing its effects to a different constant variable.The problem with non-experimental methods for conducting research, as is the case for classical sociological theories, is that the hypotheses are difficult to prove, and if or when they are proven, it normally requires a long period of time. In correlation to this idea, the fact that these are â€Å"theories† suggests to the reader that they have not yet been proven, and with the lack of scientific experiential data, may never be proven. Another significant factor contributing to the failure of classical sociological theory is the success in social change in the 19th and 20th centuries.According to Melvyn Dubofsky, in The State and Labor in Modern America, he states that â€Å"reformers and working-class leaders stressed collective action, more individualistic forms of thought dominated national culture, institutions, and legal doctrines. † He goes on to describe the way in which workers began to unite and form collective revolutions for the advancement of class, race, or gender. This shift in social reform has strengthened individualism and accentuated the positive effects of capitalism where people have c ontinued to attribute failure to classical sociological theories. IV. SummaryClassical sociological theory helped to explain social change and structure of society which aided in the establishment of the contemporary world. Karl Marx’s prediction of the fall of capitalism failed to see its day due to the fact that the working class has used the structure of capitalism to better establish their place among society. When reflecting upon the ideas and works of Alexis de Tocqueville, it is understood that no matter how deeply ingrained capitalism might be within a particular society, there are those who do not reap the benefits capitalism attempts to offer for all people.One of the principle notions which stand out after reviewing some of the works by these classical sociologists is that their personal objectives and theories failed to be achieved. Capitalism has continued to flourish, the industrial revolution has come to an end, and a new era of technological advancement has da wned. Bibliography Collins, Randall, & Makowsky, Michael. (2005). The Discovery of Society. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Dasilva, Fabio B. , & Pressler, Charles A. (1996). Sociology and Interpretation: From Weber to Habermas.Albany, NY: New York State University of New York Press. Dubofsky, Melvyn. (1994). The State and Labor in Modern America. North Carolina: Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press. Haferkamp, Hans. (1992). Social Change and Modernity. California: Berkeley University of California Press. Marsh, Ian, & Melville, Gaynor. (2006). Theories of Crime. New York: Taylor and Francis Routledge. McIntosh, Ian. (1997). Classical Sociological Theory: A Reader. Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press. Nielsen, Donald A. (1999).Three Faces of God: Society, Religion, and the Categories of Totality in the Philosophy of Emile Durkheim. New York: Albany State University of New York Press. Pines, Christopher L. (1993). Ideology and False Consciousness: Marx and His Historical Progenitors. Albany, NY: New York State University of New York Press. Pottenger, John R. (1989). The Political Theory of Liberation Theology: Toward a Reconvergence of Social Values and Social Science. New York: Albany State University of New York Press. Tocqueville, Alexis De. Democracy in America. (Book II). Champaign, IL: Project Gutenberg.

The Importance Of A Culturally Competent Educator

Introduction A culturally competent educator must understand and ingrained themselves in the cultures of their school’s community. Furthermore, this competence has the potential to become developed inside and outside the classroom. As a future educator, my plan is to grasp the personal knowledge of the cultures in my school’s community through participating in volunteer work in the designated area. Additionally, I can expand the understanding of the proper approach for teaching students in communities with diverse cultures though reading books with similar experiences. Finally, my plan should consists of observing children’s behavior and interests throughout the school day to develop a curriculum which correlates to student’s personal†¦show more content†¦This approach can expand the knowledge of a multiculturalist ideology through engaging cultures which might not be familiar to one’s own personal community. Moreover, learning about the in terests and beliefs of people around a community can aid an educator to adjust the curriculum correlating to the interests and beliefs of people in this community. Conclusively, the best plan for me is to familiarize with the culture of the school is to involve myself and volunteer with the people in the community. Personal Growth Activity #2 Another personal growth activity effected in the classroom consists of reading books about teachers working in similar communities and school conditions as myself. For instance, although being raised in a diverse urban community, immigration is much more prominent integration of cultures presently than throughout my childhood. Therefore, if located in community with plentiful of immigrant students, I plan to read literature which teaches educators how to teach in such a designed community. Moreover, I think multicultural education literature provides an understanding of a similar community to the school district before experience the community firsthand. Nonetheless, through reading, teaching books with a similar cultural climate, I can comprehend and implement approaches deemed as successful with other teachers. Personal Growth Activity #3 Additionally, one last personal growth activity benefiting myself involves observing theShow MoreRelatedA Culturally Responsive Faculty Development965 Words   |  4 PagesThose who develop culturally responsive faculty development programs should examine the foundational principles upon which they are built; they will demonstrate the level of commitment to developing a cadre of culturally responsive educators. Any program, curriculum or agenda that does not have at its core the intention of creating an equitable society for everyone is a tool to maintain hegemonic practices (Gorski, 2008). 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Damages Clauses - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2234 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Review Level High school Tags: Contract Law Essay Did you like this example? Contents: 1. Introduction P.2 2. The criteria necessary for a purported liquidated damages clause.. P.3 3. The main factors of claims P.4 4. The benefits to Employers and Contractors in a valid liquidated damages clause P.5 5. If the liquidated damages clause is not held to be valid and enforceable P.6 6. Conclusions and Recommendations P.10 Question 2: Discuss the criteria necessary for a purported liquidated damages clause to be held to be valid, the benefits that would accrue to Employers and Contractors in agreeing a valid liquidated damages clause and the principles (including but not limited to any disadvantages) involved in claiming damages if the liquidated damages clause is not held to be valid and enforceable 1. Introduction The implementation of construction projects are based Supervision Contract, construction contract as a medium to investors, supervision, construction of the three parties together, both interrelated between them, and mutual restraint, in order to realize the investments project progress the quality objectives are and work together. Therefore, the project contracts are essential for any party to the project file. The construction contract management is the most important daily management. The Fulfillment of Contracts, the contract because of the other party fails to perfo rm or improper performance of the tasks agreed in the contract losses and to the other party claims duration and economic, they constitute the core of contract management. To strengthen construction contract and claims management is not only to ensure the smooth progress of the construction works, the better for companies to avoid the unnecessary loss, strive for more profits The construction industry of Hong Kong determines was rapidly to increase of various engineering construction projects. Demand for the construction industry growing wider. Due to construction in a longer period of time. Moreover, many building and infrastructure projects will be still overflow the original contract period.. For the project quality it directly associated to peoples lives and the property safety. This determines the particularity of the project construction. In project construction, signed a contract to make all kinds of effective measures to ensure the quality of the project. The contract con clusion to the both sides responsibility shall perform the provisions of made clear that if one party does not strictly abide with the terms of the contract entered into by the other party of the contract so that the losses, than the defaulting party shall immediately to stop the breach of contract and shall be punished in the accordance with regulation or pay the injured party liquidated damages to compensate for the loss caused to the other party. 2. The criteria necessary for a purported liquidated damages clause To quote à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Requirements for a valid liquidated damages provision To succeed in a liquidated damages claim contractual, a party must be establishment: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Damages Clauses" essay for you Create order There has been a breach of contract; That has suffered a loss; That is a causal connection between the violation and the losses that party wants to close.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  1Pinsent Masons, Out Law .com, guide (Liquidated damages) ( August 2011) https://www.out-law.com/en/topics/projectsconstruction/construction-contracts/liquidated-damages/ Liquidated damages is a agreement when the party of the contract commit to the pay of a certain amount of as a fixed and agreement upon satisfaction for not doing something in especially mentioned in the contract. If the work was completed late such a sum is enforce, due to their default the complete work was late. On the other hand, a penalty is a sum included in the contract which is intended to punish severely the contractor and is far higher than the employer estimated the loss .Such as the sum would be unenforceable. Claims causes: 1. The contract change with technology, continuous development of new technology, the employer of the projects have become more complex, so that very difficult design in construction is increasing, but the scene is often unforeseen happens. So designers in the design perfe ct, absolutely no mistakes is not possible. Often in the construction process, they need for design changes, sometimes according to the situation, the engineer will instruct change construction methods, which would lead to changes in construction costs and schedule. 2. The contract documents (including technical specifications) into the implementation phase defects sometimes contract, only to find that the contract itself has irreparable flaws, or ambiguous language, or the existence of loopholes or contradictions, inconsistencies caused both sides to understand. This will cause controversy, leading to claims. 3. In the construction site is not required to provide the materials, equipment, failure to pay for projects, engineers, mainly in the breach of contract because they cannot solve the problem, errors in the work, demanding inspection and other factors, interfere with normal construction. The reason due to problems with third-party engineering related contract or agreed t o enter into a third party occurred, the impact on the project schedule or cost, and can also be the cause of the claim. 4. Change policies and Ordinance, that regulations mainly refers to the project cost- relevant policies and regulations, because the timing of the project cost has a strong, regional, so the relevant authorities and the rest of the country will be the introduction of relevant policies, laws and regulations. Some are enforceable, and will change with the market, technology, and constantly changing, it will cause changes in the duration and cost become claims. [i]1Pinsent Masons, Out Law .com, guide (Liquidated damages) ( August 2011) https://www.out-law.com/en/topics/projectsconstruction/construction-contracts/liquidated-damages/ 3. The main factors of claims: Due to a contractor to unable to fulfill the contractual obligations and it will be cause a chain reaction. If one fails to various contractors on time, is performed sequentially, and get something done, inevitably bring about the interference with the after sequence construction work units. Due to changes in the environment, such as: market price increases, changes in the law, abnormal weather conditions, unusual geological conditions, are leading to a potential incentive engineering claims. Under the contract should be extended period, the contract price will be adjusted for accordingly Due to the Tender documents, contract-specific terms, general terms of the contract, drawings, of Bill of Quantities and during performance of the contract agreement and a series of supplementary files, if the contract documents are not rigorous, even contradictions, omissions or errors will become produce one of the important factors claims. The Claims are in the process of implementation of the contract, because the other party fails to perform the contract or fails to properly perform their obligations under the contract or fails to protect commitments contractual conditions are fulfilled after suffered a loss, that request for com If the delay is the contractorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responsibility he may consider it financially more advantageous in the absence of an obligation to use best endeavors, to allow the work to overrun the contract period and to pay liquidated damages. 4. The benefits to Employers and Contractors in a valid liquidated damages clause In the construction process, because of the complexity and multiple engineering technology and the environmental variability, it is impossible to completely avoid claims. Claims that the parties to safeguard their economic benefits means the rights of the parties ,as a good claims management it to raise the preventive countermeasures to avoid a con tract controversial, so that the project can be completed in accordance with the scheduled time of high quality, for a win-win for both parties. To quote à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the case law Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage Motor Co Ltd[1915]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The Court to find out whether the payment provision is in the truth finds or liquidated damages. The liquidated damages is essence for the contract to pre-estimate of damage. A question of construction to be decided upon the terms and for each particular contract under the inherent and judged as at the time of sign the contract circumstances, not as at the time of the breach. Which applicable to the case under considered, prove to be: It will be held to be a penal sum. If the sum is provisions and exorbitant in amount in compare with the greatest of loss that can envisaged in proved to have followed from the breach of contract. A single lump sum is made pay by method of claimant, on the occurrence of one or more or all of multiple events, some of which may occur serious and others but Notable for appear punitive damage. There a no hinder to the sum promised being a real to pre-estimate of damage. That the consequences of the breach of contract are such as to make precise pre-estimation nearly as impossibility. Conversely, the situation when it is possible to obtain at pre-estimate damage be true bargain between the both sides In this case, the essence of liquidated damages is that it is a genuine covenanted pre- estimate of damages. Whether a sum is a penalty or liquidated damages is a question of construction to be decided upon the terms and circumstances of each particular contract judged at the time of making the contract not at the time of breach. Moreover, it must prove their actual losses, mitigation, which is to take reasonable steps, covered by the liquidated damages provisions to avoid or minimize loss of benefits. In fact, if the clause was valid and applicable, the employer will have the right to specify a penalty even if they have no actual losses. 5. If the liquidated damages clause is not held to be valid and enforceable. To quoteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  If liquidated damages become unenforceable and hence an entitlement to unliquidated damages arises, can the unliquidated damages be greater had the liquidated damages. In the event of there being no such provision, time can become at large and the right to levy liquidated damages for any delays caused by the contractor is lost if delays are to any of these reason. In Rapid Building Group v Ealing Family Housing Association Ltd (1984) It is accepted that a party must elect whether to claim liquidated or unliquidated damages; but as it seems to me, where the claim for liquidated damages has been lost or has gone, as has been rightly held by the judge, the defendants are not precluded from pursuing their counterclaim for unliquidated damages. It is not accepted on behalf of the defendants that if they pursue their claim it has on it a ceiling equal to the amount of liquidated damages It was startled to be told in the course of the argument that if any part of the delay was caused by the employer, no matter how slight, then the liquidated damages clause in the contract clause 22 become inoperative. In peak construction it was held: if the employer is in way responsible for the failure to achieve the complet ion date, he can recover no liquidated damages at all and is left to prove such general damages as he may sufferedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2Roger Knowles (2000) ONE HUNDRED CONTRACTUAL PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS p.68,Blackwell Science Ltd Where liquidated damages become unenforceable it will be for the employer to prove such general or unliquidated damages as he is claiming. This is in contrast to liquidated damages which require no proof to be enforceable. The question then arises as to whether, should the general damages which the claimant is able to prove exceed the liquidated damages included in the contract will payment become due for the greater amount so proved. 2Roger Knowles (2000) ONE HUNDRED CONTRACTUAL PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS p.68,Blackwell Science Ltd 6. Conclusions and Recommendations To conclusion, In this study through the concept of the contract, the main content, causes and current situation of contract management and claims be described, quote the cas e of claims related to introduce Construction Contracts, knowledge of contract management and claims management. Construction contract claims is a complex issue, that involving the knowledge economy, technology, law, management, finance and other aspects. Hong Kong is in a stage of rapid development and the claims are becoming increasingly frequent. Enhanced Claims awareness, strengthen contract and claims management to avoid unnecessary losses, ensure a schedule, quality and economic efficiency of the necessary means. Construction contract is the basis for the claim and the claim is a continuation of contract management. Project claims to prevent the above factors engineering claims analysis produced for the project claim, the owner as a management major is very hard in preventive aspects, specifically should do the following: Earnestly of preparing the project work, to make program, meticulous design work as closely as possible, required under the contract hundred perc ent complete. In the tender document production, and strive to reach contract of engineering content, one-time contract tendering out. In the implementation process of the claim, the claim is particularly important skill. Due to the objective of environmental conditions, and specifically the following: Looking for a claim early opportunity Signing a contract agreement Must be confirmed the verbal of change orders Timely to attach the issue Claims notice 5. Provide adequate demonstrate as a claims report Claims and expenses to calculation under the appropriate methods Individual claim strive to avoid claims; Strive to amicable settlement, prevent antagonism 7. References Case Law Study Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage Motor Co Ltd[1915] Rapid Building Group v Ealing Family Housing Association Ltd (1984) Reference Book 2Roger Knowles (2000)ONE HUNDRED CONTRACTUAL PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS p.68,Blackwell Science Ltd References Online Website 1Pinsent Masons, Out Law .com, guide (Liquidated damages) ( August 2011) https://www.out-law.com/en/topics/projectsconstruction/construction-contracts/liquidated-damages/ P.1 [i]

Movie Review Star Trek - 1967 Words

Star Trek has been around for many decades and is a story that has taken many media forms over the course of its lifetime. Beginning as a television show in 1966, Star Trek swept through the nation and evolved into one of the most famous shows of all time. The franchise that is Star Trek, and as revolutionary as it was, dropped in the ratings and was canceled as all shows eventually are. That is however, until 2009 when director J.J. Abrams, decided to reboot the franchise with the new, action packed movie simply named, Star Trek. J.J. Abrams’ Star Trek is able to display the diversity of beings, and human interaction unlike any story ever told before. By using cultural analysis, I will deconstruct the cultural ideologies, of some of the main characters in this movie to better try and understand how people so different and so unique, can come together and work side by side, while at the same time, drawing parallels between the world we all live in and the Star Trek universe. W hen watching this movie, it dawned on me that Star Trek is much more than your average â€Å"Good vs. Evil† Sci-Fi thriller. It is a movie of life and the people within that life, all trying become part of Star Fleet, the universal police who is tasked with keeping the universe safe from evil and tyranny. Star Fleet is make up of humans or species from literally all across the universe, including Vulcans, green people, small creature like folks, and any other walk of life you can think of including humansShow MoreRelatedRay Bradbury s Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep1611 Words   |  7 Pagesstated on Youll’s official website, â€Å"Paul is well known for his popular Star Wars X-Wing jackets and his Star Trek illustrations for the Bradford Exchange† (â€Å"Biography†). Paul Youll’s work on Star Wars and Star Trek, two mammoths in the science fiction community and in everyday life, demonstrates his authority on the subject of artistic portrayals . 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Movie and TV audiences have been lead to believe that withRead MoreMovie Review : The Movie, Philadelphia And A Dumb Man Who Experienced Many Important Events Throughout History1700 Words   |  7 Pagesimpossible.† In his lifetime, most would agree that Hanks achieved the impossible through his acting career; he personalized many influential movie parts from a gay lawyer with AIDS in the movie Philadelphia to a dumb man who experienced many important events throughout history in Forrest Gump. This shift in the acting world happened on July 9, 1956 when a star was born. Thomas Jeffrey Hanks was born in Concord, California; his parents names are Janet Marylyn Frager and Amos Mefford Hanks. Tom HanksRead MoreClose Encounters of the Third Kind: A Review Essay2664 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Have you recently had a close encounter?† quote from David Laughlin from Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Well everyone who has ever seen the movie Close Encounters of the Third Ki nd has had their own close encounter of some kind. Written and directed by Steven Spielberg and Produced by Colombia Pictures in association with EMI Films. Colombia Pictures the same year is credited with the production of four other films which include Bobby Deerfield staring Al Pacino, The Deadly Triangle staringRead MoreIs Life A Simulation?1747 Words   |  7 Pagescomputer-simulated people. Today, computer-simulated humans contain only a pale shadow of the complexity and sophistication of real humans.† (Open Peer Commentary on JET Volume 7, Robin Hanson) The holodeck is a fictional piece of technology from the movie Star Trek. Today there are scientific simulations, but the one that people know more about is the game Sims. Containing very simple characters that perform simple tasks throughout the day, but we are nowhere near making such a refined simulation of the

Ralph Waldo Emerson, Transcendentalism Free Essays

Romanticism was a movement of American literature that swept the country throughout the 19th century. Within Romanticism, was the Transcendentalist Era, which began in the early 1800s (Gura 4). Transcendentalism is difficult to define, but its core ideas are embodied in the works of Ralph Waldo Emerson. We will write a custom essay sample on Ralph Waldo Emerson, Transcendentalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Emerson is not only known as one of the most influential transcendental writers, but as the unofficial leader of the group of transcendentalists and the first to really create and express the ideas that this group of people shared (â€Å"Transcendentalism† 19). Simplicity, non-conformity and individuality over reasoning are only some of the ideas that make up Transcendentalism (â€Å"Ralph Waldo Emerson† 239). These fundamental beliefs of transcendentalism are evident in Emerson’s works, specifically â€Å"Self-Reliance,† and â€Å"Nature. † Emerson is a strong advocate for never changing one’s self for anyone else and always avoiding the temptation of conformity. As the title clearly states, â€Å"Self-Reliance† is one of Emerson’s essays that proposes the idea that one should rely on one’s self to gain knowledge and should not conform to the likeness of others (Koster 38). In February of 1833, Emerson began writing about many of these thoughts and ideas in his journal. In 1841, â€Å"Self-Reliance† was written and published based off of the topics written about in his journal, but was revised several times as Emerson expanded on this idea of relying on one’s self and being one’s own person (Koster 37). Within â€Å"Self-Reliance,† Emerson introduces the idea that â€Å"there is time in every man’s education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance and that imitation is suicide† (â€Å"Self Reliance† 267). This clearly portrays transcendentalism, as it states that once a person changes their personality, he is essentially losing himself and everything that makes him who he is. Emerson also suggests that even taking on the opinions of others, contradicts a person’s own thoughts and his abilities to speak anything true to just himself (â€Å"Self-Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson† 317). Aside from conformity, Emerson also mentions that â€Å"envy is ignorance,† which continues to display transcendental ideas by stating that one should not be jealous of what others have. Emerson believes that would be wasting valuable time wanting what one does not have, instead of appreciating the simple things that one has already obtained (â€Å"Self Reliance† 276). Jealousy also does not allow time for one to strive to acquire other goals, if an individual is constantly wishing for things she does not have. Emerson further conveys transcendental ideas in â€Å"Self-Reliance† with the belief that a person must remain an individual to make an impact on the world and the lives around him (â€Å"Self-Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson† 317). This idea is depicted in the quote, â€Å"to be great is to be misunderstood† (Emerson, â€Å"Self Reliance† 274). To support this quote, Emerson listed a variety of successful people of the past including Pythagorus, Socrates and Newton. He explains that they were all misunderstood at the time, but they chose to remain true to what they believed in and are now some of the most influential and inspiring people one can think of (â€Å"Self Reliance† 274). The final major aspect of transcendentalism within â€Å"Self-Reliance† is the concept of trusting one’s self. Although it is important to also trust others, â€Å"by trusting the self, man is but confiding himself to the all-embracing, benevolent universal being or the over-soul† (Koster 38). meaning that by trusting one’s self, one is essentially putting all her trust in this divine spirit, that cannot be physically seen, but can be understood and guide one through the challenges of individual life (Koster 38). In order to achieve all that one strives to accomplish, one must trust herself because â€Å"nothing can bring you peace but yourself [and]. . . the triumph of principles† (Emerson, â€Å"Self Reliance† 292). According to Emerson, â€Å"nature, in the common sense, refers to essences unchanged by man,† but he did not stop there with his analysis of nature and its effect on man and society (â€Å"Nature† 182). Within the essay â€Å"Nature,† Emerson clearly depicts transcendental beliefs concerning the way he believes people should embrace nature. Transcendentalists strongly believe in the concept of inspiration by nature, meaning that spending time in nature will inspire one to achieve new goals (â€Å"Ralph Waldo Emerson† 239). Emerson mentions that â€Å"in the woods is perpetual youth,† which describes the effect nature has on a person (â€Å"Nature† 184). He feels that when one spends time in nature, she feel as if she is eternally younger. Emerson believes this is true because once a person becomes an adult they are tired and weakened by all that is surrounding them and the commitments that must always be kept, but when one is only surrounded by nature, faith and reason can be restored (â€Å"Nature† 184). Emerson also mentions, though, that â€Å"the power to produce this delight does not reside in nature, but in man,† meaning although nature is capable of making one feel things that seem impossible, the drive behind making this happen, is still essentially one’s self (â€Å"Nature† 185). Within this essay, Emerson also enforces the point that nature is the center of human existence, which is another concept accepted by transcendentalists. He displays this idea in the first chapter of â€Å"Nature,† by discussing everything that nature offers to those willing to accept it. The key idea, though, is that one must be open to understanding nature in order to obtain its benefits. Emerson portrays this idea by stating that â€Å"all natural objects make a kindred impression, when the mind is open to their influence,† further demonstrating the transcendental idea that nature influences human existence (â€Å"Nature† 183). Not only does Emerson believe that nature is always available to influence one’s self, but he always believes that nature is in existence solely to aid a person in their life journey. This idea is described in the second chapter of â€Å"Nature† when Emerson states that â€Å"all the parts [of nature] incessantly work into each other’s hand for the profit of man (â€Å"Nature† 186). This idea clearly relates to transcendental ideas, as transcendentalists firmly believed that one can be inspired by nature and that nature is essential to human life (â€Å"Ralph Waldo Emerson† 239). One final concept, depicted in â€Å"Nature,† that is understood by transcendentalists is the idea that God and divinity can be found in nature. Within the first chapter of â€Å"Nature,† Emerson states that he is â€Å"part or particle of God† when he is in the woods (â€Å"Nature† 184). In other words, Emerson feels that when he experiences nature alone, nothing else is important. He believes all other aspects of human existence seem foreign, but a person is able to feel that they have become one with God, to the point that they are a part of Him (â€Å"Nature† 185). Ralph Waldo Emerson not only wrote about the concepts he believed in, but also led a life that followed each and every one of these beliefs. He began his life as a teacher, followed by a pastor at his church, but was not satisfied with either of these career choices. He then began writing and speaking in front of crowds about the things he felt strongly about (â€Å"An Emerson Chronology† xvii). Emerson was not afraid to stand out from the crowd and always stayed true to himself, as he spoke out against slavery and supported the Emancipation Proclamation (â€Å"An Emerson Chronology† xix). He fully embraced his idea that one should trust himself and remain an individual. Emerson certainly spent enough time embracing the opportunities that nature made available to him, all ideas which he spoke about in his writing. Many people of his time did not agree with or fully comprehend the things he believed in, but this was essentially his goal because â€Å"to be great is to be misunderstood† (â€Å"Self Reliance† 274). How to cite Ralph Waldo Emerson, Transcendentalism, Essay examples

Elder Interview free essay sample

ELDERLY AGENCY INTERVIEW CONTACT INFORMATION: SOUTH RICHMOND ADULT DAY CARE CENTER 1500 HULL STREET RICHMOND, VA. 23224 CENTRAL OFFICE: 804-231-9306 THIS INTERVIEW IS PERTAINING TO ISSUES, SERVICES, AND PROGRAMS THAT INVOLVES THE OLDER CITIZENS IN OUR COMMUNITIES, AS WELL AS DISCUSSION ON MATTERS THAT CONCERN AND COULD BE OF GREAT ASSISTANCE TO THEM. THIS INTERVIEW ALSO DWELLS ON WHAT ADDICTIONAL SERVICES OR NEW SERVICES ARE NEEDED TO PROVIDE FOR THOSE UNMET NEEDS OF OLDER PEOPLE. WHICH I WILL OBTAIN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION TO ANSWER THESE AND OTHER QUESTIONS THAT I FEEL IS OF THE UTMOST IMPORTANCE. MY AIM IS TO INTERVIEW THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR SANDRA ROLLINS, MSSW. THIS INTERVIEW BEGAN AT 2:00PM JUNE 25, 2010, THROUGH OUR FORMAL INTRODUCTION AND TO EXPLAIN WHO I WAS AND MY REASON FOR BEING THEIR, AFTER THE INTRODUCTION, AND MY DISCLOSURE OF TAKING A GERONTOLOGY CLASS AT REYNOLDS UNDER THE TUTILEDGE OF MS. PAMELA RATLIFF, MSSW. MS. ROLLINS TOLD ME SHE HAS BEEN IN YOUR COMPANY AND KNOWS YOU PERSONALLY. We will write a custom essay sample on Elder Interview or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I GAVE MS. ROLLINS A COPY OF THE QUESTIONS I WAS GOING TO ASK TO GIVE HER A HEADS UP. MS. ROLLINS WAS VERY PROFESSIONAL AND MADE ME FEEL QUITE AT EASE IN THE INTERVIEW, HER ANSWERS WAS VERY UNDERSTANDABLE AND TO THE POINT. I FELT HER EMPATHY FOR THE ELDERLY AND HER SINCERITY AND HONESTY WAS TRANSFERRABLE FROM HER SPEECH AND BODY LANGUAGE AND EMOTIONS, CAME FROM HER GLOWINGLY. I FELT THIS IS ONE OF THE REASONS I WANT TO BE A HELPER IN THE HUMAN SERVICES FIELD TO BE ABLE TO EXPRESS THE WAY I FEEL FROM THE WAY I TALK AND GESTURE. SHE BEGAN TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS AS SHE FELT THE NEED IN NO SPECIFIC ORDER. HER FIRST QUESTION WAS. 1. WHAT IS THE AGENCY’S MISSION AND PURPOSE? RESPONSE: OUR MISSION IS TO ENHANCE THE HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF OLDER ADULTS AND ADULTS WITH DISABILITIES BY PROVIDING A STRUCTURED SUPPORTIVE AND ENRICHING ENVIRONMENT. ANOTHER TIDBIT IS THAT 35 YEARS AGO FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH IS ONE OF THE FOUNDING ORGANIZATIONS THAT STARTED THE FIRST MULTI PURPOSE CENTER FOR HELPING THE ELDERS AND MANY OTHER INDIVIDUALS IN THE STATE OF VIRGINIA. HERE AT 15TH AND HULL STREET AT THE SITE OF THIS ORGANIZATION FOR ADULTS DAY CARE CENTER HISTORY WAS MADE HERE. 2. HOW IS IT FUNDED? IT WAS FUNDED BY DONATIONS, SENIOR CONNECTIONS, ALSO HAS FEDERAL FUNDING 501 C, ALSO BY WRITING GRANTS TO LARGE CORPORATIONS. 3. WHAT OTHER AGENCIES DO YOU HAVE FORMAL LINKAGE WITH? SENIOR CONNECTIONS, RBHA AND WELLNESS GROUP, SACRED HEART CENTER, VA. ADULT DAY SERVICES ASSOCIATION, EPHESUS JUNIOR ACADEMY, FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF SOUTH RCHMOND, AND ST. STEPHENS EPISCOPAL CHURCH, AND PHILANTHROPY BY DESIGN, SOCIAL SERVICES, DMAS, HEALTH DEPT. AND FIRE DEPT. 4. WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF THE AGENCY’S SERVICES ON THE TARGET POPULATION? I FEEL THE IMPACT IS FELT BY THOSE WHO NEED AND UTILIZE OUR SERVICES, AND CAREGIVERS AND CARETAKERS ARE IMPACTED THE MOST, FOR THEY SEE AND EXPERIENCE THE IMPACT AS WELL AS OUR ELDERLY WHO BENEFIT THE MOST. 5. IN YOUR OPINION, WHAT IS SOME OF THE MOST CRITICAL PROBLEMS FACING OLDER ADULTS TODAY? THE MOST CRITICAL PROBLEM IS AFFORDABLE TRANSPORTATION ALSO EYEGLASSES, DENTURES, AND HEARING AIDS FOR THESE ITEMS ARE NOT COVERED BY MEDICAID OR MEDICARE. 6. HOW WELL ARE THESE PROBLEMS BEING ADDRESSED BY CURRENT PROGRAMS AND SERVICES? THEY ARE NOT REALLY BEING ADDRESSED BECAUSE OF THE LACK OF FUNDING. THAT IS THE BOTTOM LINE. . WHAT NEW SERVICES OR ADDICTIONAL RESOURCES ARE NEEDED TO PROVIDE FOR THOSE UNMET NEEDS OF OLDER PEOPLE? TO MY KNOWLEDGE WE HAVE THE SERVICES BUT THEY ARE UNDER FUNDED AND THE ADDICTIONAL RESOURCES WILL BE NEEDED TO HELP WITH AFFORDABLE TRANSPORTATION, AND THE VERY MUCH NEEDED MEDICAL COVERAGE FOR EYEGLASSES AND DENTURES AND HEARING AIDS, THESE HAVE BEEN UNMET NEEDS F OR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME. WE DEFINITELY NEED LEGISTRATION TO HELP OVERCOME THESE MUCH NEEDED SERVICES. IN CLOSING I THANK MS. SANDRA ROLLINS, MSSW, FOR HER TIME AND ASSISTANCE IN THIS VERY DIRE MATTER. I REMAIN ESTEEMLY, RODNEY COBBS