Damages Clauses - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2234 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Review Level High school Tags: Contract Law Essay Did you like this example? Contents: 1. Introduction P.2 2. The criteria necessary for a purported liquidated damages clause.. P.3 3. The main factors of claims P.4 4. The benefits to Employers and Contractors in a valid liquidated damages clause P.5 5. If the liquidated damages clause is not held to be valid and enforceable P.6 6. Conclusions and Recommendations P.10 Question 2: Discuss the criteria necessary for a purported liquidated damages clause to be held to be valid, the benefits that would accrue to Employers and Contractors in agreeing a valid liquidated damages clause and the principles (including but not limited to any disadvantages) involved in claiming damages if the liquidated damages clause is not held to be valid and enforceable 1. Introduction The implementation of construction projects are based Supervision Contract, construction contract as a medium to investors, supervision, construction of the three parties together, both interrelated between them, and mutual restraint, in order to realize the investments project progress the quality objectives are and work together. Therefore, the project contracts are essential for any party to the project file. The construction contract management is the most important daily management. The Fulfillment of Contracts, the contract because of the other party fails to perfo rm or improper performance of the tasks agreed in the contract losses and to the other party claims duration and economic, they constitute the core of contract management. To strengthen construction contract and claims management is not only to ensure the smooth progress of the construction works, the better for companies to avoid the unnecessary loss, strive for more profits The construction industry of Hong Kong determines was rapidly to increase of various engineering construction projects. Demand for the construction industry growing wider. Due to construction in a longer period of time. Moreover, many building and infrastructure projects will be still overflow the original contract period.. For the project quality it directly associated to peoples lives and the property safety. This determines the particularity of the project construction. In project construction, signed a contract to make all kinds of effective measures to ensure the quality of the project. The contract con clusion to the both sides responsibility shall perform the provisions of made clear that if one party does not strictly abide with the terms of the contract entered into by the other party of the contract so that the losses, than the defaulting party shall immediately to stop the breach of contract and shall be punished in the accordance with regulation or pay the injured party liquidated damages to compensate for the loss caused to the other party. 2. The criteria necessary for a purported liquidated damages clause To quote à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Requirements for a valid liquidated damages provision To succeed in a liquidated damages claim contractual, a party must be establishment: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Damages Clauses" essay for you Create order There has been a breach of contract; That has suffered a loss; That is a causal connection between the violation and the losses that party wants to close.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  1Pinsent Masons, Out Law .com, guide (Liquidated damages) ( August 2011) https://www.out-law.com/en/topics/projectsconstruction/construction-contracts/liquidated-damages/ Liquidated damages is a agreement when the party of the contract commit to the pay of a certain amount of as a fixed and agreement upon satisfaction for not doing something in especially mentioned in the contract. If the work was completed late such a sum is enforce, due to their default the complete work was late. On the other hand, a penalty is a sum included in the contract which is intended to punish severely the contractor and is far higher than the employer estimated the loss .Such as the sum would be unenforceable. Claims causes: 1. The contract change with technology, continuous development of new technology, the employer of the projects have become more complex, so that very difficult design in construction is increasing, but the scene is often unforeseen happens. So designers in the design perfe ct, absolutely no mistakes is not possible. Often in the construction process, they need for design changes, sometimes according to the situation, the engineer will instruct change construction methods, which would lead to changes in construction costs and schedule. 2. The contract documents (including technical specifications) into the implementation phase defects sometimes contract, only to find that the contract itself has irreparable flaws, or ambiguous language, or the existence of loopholes or contradictions, inconsistencies caused both sides to understand. This will cause controversy, leading to claims. 3. In the construction site is not required to provide the materials, equipment, failure to pay for projects, engineers, mainly in the breach of contract because they cannot solve the problem, errors in the work, demanding inspection and other factors, interfere with normal construction. The reason due to problems with third-party engineering related contract or agreed t o enter into a third party occurred, the impact on the project schedule or cost, and can also be the cause of the claim. 4. Change policies and Ordinance, that regulations mainly refers to the project cost- relevant policies and regulations, because the timing of the project cost has a strong, regional, so the relevant authorities and the rest of the country will be the introduction of relevant policies, laws and regulations. Some are enforceable, and will change with the market, technology, and constantly changing, it will cause changes in the duration and cost become claims. [i]1Pinsent Masons, Out Law .com, guide (Liquidated damages) ( August 2011) https://www.out-law.com/en/topics/projectsconstruction/construction-contracts/liquidated-damages/ 3. The main factors of claims: Due to a contractor to unable to fulfill the contractual obligations and it will be cause a chain reaction. If one fails to various contractors on time, is performed sequentially, and get something done, inevitably bring about the interference with the after sequence construction work units. Due to changes in the environment, such as: market price increases, changes in the law, abnormal weather conditions, unusual geological conditions, are leading to a potential incentive engineering claims. Under the contract should be extended period, the contract price will be adjusted for accordingly Due to the Tender documents, contract-specific terms, general terms of the contract, drawings, of Bill of Quantities and during performance of the contract agreement and a series of supplementary files, if the contract documents are not rigorous, even contradictions, omissions or errors will become produce one of the important factors claims. The Claims are in the process of implementation of the contract, because the other party fails to perform the contract or fails to properly perform their obligations under the contract or fails to protect commitments contractual conditions are fulfilled after suffered a loss, that request for com If the delay is the contractorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responsibility he may consider it financially more advantageous in the absence of an obligation to use best endeavors, to allow the work to overrun the contract period and to pay liquidated damages. 4. The benefits to Employers and Contractors in a valid liquidated damages clause In the construction process, because of the complexity and multiple engineering technology and the environmental variability, it is impossible to completely avoid claims. Claims that the parties to safeguard their economic benefits means the rights of the parties ,as a good claims management it to raise the preventive countermeasures to avoid a con tract controversial, so that the project can be completed in accordance with the scheduled time of high quality, for a win-win for both parties. To quote à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the case law Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage Motor Co Ltd[1915]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The Court to find out whether the payment provision is in the truth finds or liquidated damages. The liquidated damages is essence for the contract to pre-estimate of damage. A question of construction to be decided upon the terms and for each particular contract under the inherent and judged as at the time of sign the contract circumstances, not as at the time of the breach. Which applicable to the case under considered, prove to be: It will be held to be a penal sum. If the sum is provisions and exorbitant in amount in compare with the greatest of loss that can envisaged in proved to have followed from the breach of contract. A single lump sum is made pay by method of claimant, on the occurrence of one or more or all of multiple events, some of which may occur serious and others but Notable for appear punitive damage. There a no hinder to the sum promised being a real to pre-estimate of damage. That the consequences of the breach of contract are such as to make precise pre-estimation nearly as impossibility. Conversely, the situation when it is possible to obtain at pre-estimate damage be true bargain between the both sides In this case, the essence of liquidated damages is that it is a genuine covenanted pre- estimate of damages. Whether a sum is a penalty or liquidated damages is a question of construction to be decided upon the terms and circumstances of each particular contract judged at the time of making the contract not at the time of breach. Moreover, it must prove their actual losses, mitigation, which is to take reasonable steps, covered by the liquidated damages provisions to avoid or minimize loss of benefits. In fact, if the clause was valid and applicable, the employer will have the right to specify a penalty even if they have no actual losses. 5. If the liquidated damages clause is not held to be valid and enforceable. To quoteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  If liquidated damages become unenforceable and hence an entitlement to unliquidated damages arises, can the unliquidated damages be greater had the liquidated damages. In the event of there being no such provision, time can become at large and the right to levy liquidated damages for any delays caused by the contractor is lost if delays are to any of these reason. In Rapid Building Group v Ealing Family Housing Association Ltd (1984) It is accepted that a party must elect whether to claim liquidated or unliquidated damages; but as it seems to me, where the claim for liquidated damages has been lost or has gone, as has been rightly held by the judge, the defendants are not precluded from pursuing their counterclaim for unliquidated damages. It is not accepted on behalf of the defendants that if they pursue their claim it has on it a ceiling equal to the amount of liquidated damages It was startled to be told in the course of the argument that if any part of the delay was caused by the employer, no matter how slight, then the liquidated damages clause in the contract clause 22 become inoperative. In peak construction it was held: if the employer is in way responsible for the failure to achieve the complet ion date, he can recover no liquidated damages at all and is left to prove such general damages as he may sufferedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2Roger Knowles (2000) ONE HUNDRED CONTRACTUAL PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS p.68,Blackwell Science Ltd Where liquidated damages become unenforceable it will be for the employer to prove such general or unliquidated damages as he is claiming. This is in contrast to liquidated damages which require no proof to be enforceable. The question then arises as to whether, should the general damages which the claimant is able to prove exceed the liquidated damages included in the contract will payment become due for the greater amount so proved. 2Roger Knowles (2000) ONE HUNDRED CONTRACTUAL PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS p.68,Blackwell Science Ltd 6. Conclusions and Recommendations To conclusion, In this study through the concept of the contract, the main content, causes and current situation of contract management and claims be described, quote the cas e of claims related to introduce Construction Contracts, knowledge of contract management and claims management. Construction contract claims is a complex issue, that involving the knowledge economy, technology, law, management, finance and other aspects. Hong Kong is in a stage of rapid development and the claims are becoming increasingly frequent. Enhanced Claims awareness, strengthen contract and claims management to avoid unnecessary losses, ensure a schedule, quality and economic efficiency of the necessary means. Construction contract is the basis for the claim and the claim is a continuation of contract management. Project claims to prevent the above factors engineering claims analysis produced for the project claim, the owner as a management major is very hard in preventive aspects, specifically should do the following: Earnestly of preparing the project work, to make program, meticulous design work as closely as possible, required under the contract hundred perc ent complete. In the tender document production, and strive to reach contract of engineering content, one-time contract tendering out. In the implementation process of the claim, the claim is particularly important skill. Due to the objective of environmental conditions, and specifically the following: Looking for a claim early opportunity Signing a contract agreement Must be confirmed the verbal of change orders Timely to attach the issue Claims notice 5. Provide adequate demonstrate as a claims report Claims and expenses to calculation under the appropriate methods Individual claim strive to avoid claims; Strive to amicable settlement, prevent antagonism 7. References Case Law Study Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage Motor Co Ltd[1915] Rapid Building Group v Ealing Family Housing Association Ltd (1984) Reference Book 2Roger Knowles (2000)ONE HUNDRED CONTRACTUAL PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS p.68,Blackwell Science Ltd References Online Website 1Pinsent Masons, Out Law .com, guide (Liquidated damages) ( August 2011) https://www.out-law.com/en/topics/projectsconstruction/construction-contracts/liquidated-damages/ P.1 [i]

Movie Review Star Trek - 1967 Words

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W hen watching this movie, it dawned on me that Star Trek is much more than your average â€Å"Good vs. Evil† Sci-Fi thriller. It is a movie of life and the people within that life, all trying become part of Star Fleet, the universal police who is tasked with keeping the universe safe from evil and tyranny. Star Fleet is make up of humans or species from literally all across the universe, including Vulcans, green people, small creature like folks, and any other walk of life you can think of including humansShow MoreRelatedRay Bradbury s Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep1611 Words   |  7 Pagesstated on Youll’s official website, â€Å"Paul is well known for his popular Star Wars X-Wing jackets and his Star Trek illustrations for the Bradford Exchange† (â€Å"Biography†). Paul Youll’s work on Star Wars and Star Trek, two mammoths in the science fiction community and in everyday life, demonstrates his authority on the subject of artistic portrayals . 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Ralph Waldo Emerson, Transcendentalism Free Essays

Romanticism was a movement of American literature that swept the country throughout the 19th century. Within Romanticism, was the Transcendentalist Era, which began in the early 1800s (Gura 4). Transcendentalism is difficult to define, but its core ideas are embodied in the works of Ralph Waldo Emerson. We will write a custom essay sample on Ralph Waldo Emerson, Transcendentalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Emerson is not only known as one of the most influential transcendental writers, but as the unofficial leader of the group of transcendentalists and the first to really create and express the ideas that this group of people shared (â€Å"Transcendentalism† 19). Simplicity, non-conformity and individuality over reasoning are only some of the ideas that make up Transcendentalism (â€Å"Ralph Waldo Emerson† 239). These fundamental beliefs of transcendentalism are evident in Emerson’s works, specifically â€Å"Self-Reliance,† and â€Å"Nature. † Emerson is a strong advocate for never changing one’s self for anyone else and always avoiding the temptation of conformity. As the title clearly states, â€Å"Self-Reliance† is one of Emerson’s essays that proposes the idea that one should rely on one’s self to gain knowledge and should not conform to the likeness of others (Koster 38). In February of 1833, Emerson began writing about many of these thoughts and ideas in his journal. In 1841, â€Å"Self-Reliance† was written and published based off of the topics written about in his journal, but was revised several times as Emerson expanded on this idea of relying on one’s self and being one’s own person (Koster 37). Within â€Å"Self-Reliance,† Emerson introduces the idea that â€Å"there is time in every man’s education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance and that imitation is suicide† (â€Å"Self Reliance† 267). This clearly portrays transcendentalism, as it states that once a person changes their personality, he is essentially losing himself and everything that makes him who he is. Emerson also suggests that even taking on the opinions of others, contradicts a person’s own thoughts and his abilities to speak anything true to just himself (â€Å"Self-Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson† 317). Aside from conformity, Emerson also mentions that â€Å"envy is ignorance,† which continues to display transcendental ideas by stating that one should not be jealous of what others have. Emerson believes that would be wasting valuable time wanting what one does not have, instead of appreciating the simple things that one has already obtained (â€Å"Self Reliance† 276). Jealousy also does not allow time for one to strive to acquire other goals, if an individual is constantly wishing for things she does not have. Emerson further conveys transcendental ideas in â€Å"Self-Reliance† with the belief that a person must remain an individual to make an impact on the world and the lives around him (â€Å"Self-Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson† 317). This idea is depicted in the quote, â€Å"to be great is to be misunderstood† (Emerson, â€Å"Self Reliance† 274). To support this quote, Emerson listed a variety of successful people of the past including Pythagorus, Socrates and Newton. He explains that they were all misunderstood at the time, but they chose to remain true to what they believed in and are now some of the most influential and inspiring people one can think of (â€Å"Self Reliance† 274). The final major aspect of transcendentalism within â€Å"Self-Reliance† is the concept of trusting one’s self. Although it is important to also trust others, â€Å"by trusting the self, man is but confiding himself to the all-embracing, benevolent universal being or the over-soul† (Koster 38). meaning that by trusting one’s self, one is essentially putting all her trust in this divine spirit, that cannot be physically seen, but can be understood and guide one through the challenges of individual life (Koster 38). In order to achieve all that one strives to accomplish, one must trust herself because â€Å"nothing can bring you peace but yourself [and]. . . the triumph of principles† (Emerson, â€Å"Self Reliance† 292). According to Emerson, â€Å"nature, in the common sense, refers to essences unchanged by man,† but he did not stop there with his analysis of nature and its effect on man and society (â€Å"Nature† 182). Within the essay â€Å"Nature,† Emerson clearly depicts transcendental beliefs concerning the way he believes people should embrace nature. Transcendentalists strongly believe in the concept of inspiration by nature, meaning that spending time in nature will inspire one to achieve new goals (â€Å"Ralph Waldo Emerson† 239). Emerson mentions that â€Å"in the woods is perpetual youth,† which describes the effect nature has on a person (â€Å"Nature† 184). He feels that when one spends time in nature, she feel as if she is eternally younger. Emerson believes this is true because once a person becomes an adult they are tired and weakened by all that is surrounding them and the commitments that must always be kept, but when one is only surrounded by nature, faith and reason can be restored (â€Å"Nature† 184). Emerson also mentions, though, that â€Å"the power to produce this delight does not reside in nature, but in man,† meaning although nature is capable of making one feel things that seem impossible, the drive behind making this happen, is still essentially one’s self (â€Å"Nature† 185). Within this essay, Emerson also enforces the point that nature is the center of human existence, which is another concept accepted by transcendentalists. He displays this idea in the first chapter of â€Å"Nature,† by discussing everything that nature offers to those willing to accept it. The key idea, though, is that one must be open to understanding nature in order to obtain its benefits. Emerson portrays this idea by stating that â€Å"all natural objects make a kindred impression, when the mind is open to their influence,† further demonstrating the transcendental idea that nature influences human existence (â€Å"Nature† 183). Not only does Emerson believe that nature is always available to influence one’s self, but he always believes that nature is in existence solely to aid a person in their life journey. This idea is described in the second chapter of â€Å"Nature† when Emerson states that â€Å"all the parts [of nature] incessantly work into each other’s hand for the profit of man (â€Å"Nature† 186). This idea clearly relates to transcendental ideas, as transcendentalists firmly believed that one can be inspired by nature and that nature is essential to human life (â€Å"Ralph Waldo Emerson† 239). One final concept, depicted in â€Å"Nature,† that is understood by transcendentalists is the idea that God and divinity can be found in nature. Within the first chapter of â€Å"Nature,† Emerson states that he is â€Å"part or particle of God† when he is in the woods (â€Å"Nature† 184). In other words, Emerson feels that when he experiences nature alone, nothing else is important. He believes all other aspects of human existence seem foreign, but a person is able to feel that they have become one with God, to the point that they are a part of Him (â€Å"Nature† 185). Ralph Waldo Emerson not only wrote about the concepts he believed in, but also led a life that followed each and every one of these beliefs. He began his life as a teacher, followed by a pastor at his church, but was not satisfied with either of these career choices. He then began writing and speaking in front of crowds about the things he felt strongly about (â€Å"An Emerson Chronology† xvii). Emerson was not afraid to stand out from the crowd and always stayed true to himself, as he spoke out against slavery and supported the Emancipation Proclamation (â€Å"An Emerson Chronology† xix). He fully embraced his idea that one should trust himself and remain an individual. Emerson certainly spent enough time embracing the opportunities that nature made available to him, all ideas which he spoke about in his writing. Many people of his time did not agree with or fully comprehend the things he believed in, but this was essentially his goal because â€Å"to be great is to be misunderstood† (â€Å"Self Reliance† 274). How to cite Ralph Waldo Emerson, Transcendentalism, Essay examples

Elder Interview free essay sample

ELDERLY AGENCY INTERVIEW CONTACT INFORMATION: SOUTH RICHMOND ADULT DAY CARE CENTER 1500 HULL STREET RICHMOND, VA. 23224 CENTRAL OFFICE: 804-231-9306 THIS INTERVIEW IS PERTAINING TO ISSUES, SERVICES, AND PROGRAMS THAT INVOLVES THE OLDER CITIZENS IN OUR COMMUNITIES, AS WELL AS DISCUSSION ON MATTERS THAT CONCERN AND COULD BE OF GREAT ASSISTANCE TO THEM. THIS INTERVIEW ALSO DWELLS ON WHAT ADDICTIONAL SERVICES OR NEW SERVICES ARE NEEDED TO PROVIDE FOR THOSE UNMET NEEDS OF OLDER PEOPLE. WHICH I WILL OBTAIN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION TO ANSWER THESE AND OTHER QUESTIONS THAT I FEEL IS OF THE UTMOST IMPORTANCE. MY AIM IS TO INTERVIEW THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR SANDRA ROLLINS, MSSW. THIS INTERVIEW BEGAN AT 2:00PM JUNE 25, 2010, THROUGH OUR FORMAL INTRODUCTION AND TO EXPLAIN WHO I WAS AND MY REASON FOR BEING THEIR, AFTER THE INTRODUCTION, AND MY DISCLOSURE OF TAKING A GERONTOLOGY CLASS AT REYNOLDS UNDER THE TUTILEDGE OF MS. PAMELA RATLIFF, MSSW. MS. ROLLINS TOLD ME SHE HAS BEEN IN YOUR COMPANY AND KNOWS YOU PERSONALLY. We will write a custom essay sample on Elder Interview or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I GAVE MS. ROLLINS A COPY OF THE QUESTIONS I WAS GOING TO ASK TO GIVE HER A HEADS UP. MS. ROLLINS WAS VERY PROFESSIONAL AND MADE ME FEEL QUITE AT EASE IN THE INTERVIEW, HER ANSWERS WAS VERY UNDERSTANDABLE AND TO THE POINT. I FELT HER EMPATHY FOR THE ELDERLY AND HER SINCERITY AND HONESTY WAS TRANSFERRABLE FROM HER SPEECH AND BODY LANGUAGE AND EMOTIONS, CAME FROM HER GLOWINGLY. I FELT THIS IS ONE OF THE REASONS I WANT TO BE A HELPER IN THE HUMAN SERVICES FIELD TO BE ABLE TO EXPRESS THE WAY I FEEL FROM THE WAY I TALK AND GESTURE. SHE BEGAN TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS AS SHE FELT THE NEED IN NO SPECIFIC ORDER. HER FIRST QUESTION WAS. 1. WHAT IS THE AGENCY’S MISSION AND PURPOSE? RESPONSE: OUR MISSION IS TO ENHANCE THE HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF OLDER ADULTS AND ADULTS WITH DISABILITIES BY PROVIDING A STRUCTURED SUPPORTIVE AND ENRICHING ENVIRONMENT. ANOTHER TIDBIT IS THAT 35 YEARS AGO FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH IS ONE OF THE FOUNDING ORGANIZATIONS THAT STARTED THE FIRST MULTI PURPOSE CENTER FOR HELPING THE ELDERS AND MANY OTHER INDIVIDUALS IN THE STATE OF VIRGINIA. HERE AT 15TH AND HULL STREET AT THE SITE OF THIS ORGANIZATION FOR ADULTS DAY CARE CENTER HISTORY WAS MADE HERE. 2. HOW IS IT FUNDED? IT WAS FUNDED BY DONATIONS, SENIOR CONNECTIONS, ALSO HAS FEDERAL FUNDING 501 C, ALSO BY WRITING GRANTS TO LARGE CORPORATIONS. 3. WHAT OTHER AGENCIES DO YOU HAVE FORMAL LINKAGE WITH? SENIOR CONNECTIONS, RBHA AND WELLNESS GROUP, SACRED HEART CENTER, VA. ADULT DAY SERVICES ASSOCIATION, EPHESUS JUNIOR ACADEMY, FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF SOUTH RCHMOND, AND ST. STEPHENS EPISCOPAL CHURCH, AND PHILANTHROPY BY DESIGN, SOCIAL SERVICES, DMAS, HEALTH DEPT. AND FIRE DEPT. 4. WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF THE AGENCY’S SERVICES ON THE TARGET POPULATION? I FEEL THE IMPACT IS FELT BY THOSE WHO NEED AND UTILIZE OUR SERVICES, AND CAREGIVERS AND CARETAKERS ARE IMPACTED THE MOST, FOR THEY SEE AND EXPERIENCE THE IMPACT AS WELL AS OUR ELDERLY WHO BENEFIT THE MOST. 5. IN YOUR OPINION, WHAT IS SOME OF THE MOST CRITICAL PROBLEMS FACING OLDER ADULTS TODAY? THE MOST CRITICAL PROBLEM IS AFFORDABLE TRANSPORTATION ALSO EYEGLASSES, DENTURES, AND HEARING AIDS FOR THESE ITEMS ARE NOT COVERED BY MEDICAID OR MEDICARE. 6. HOW WELL ARE THESE PROBLEMS BEING ADDRESSED BY CURRENT PROGRAMS AND SERVICES? THEY ARE NOT REALLY BEING ADDRESSED BECAUSE OF THE LACK OF FUNDING. THAT IS THE BOTTOM LINE. . WHAT NEW SERVICES OR ADDICTIONAL RESOURCES ARE NEEDED TO PROVIDE FOR THOSE UNMET NEEDS OF OLDER PEOPLE? TO MY KNOWLEDGE WE HAVE THE SERVICES BUT THEY ARE UNDER FUNDED AND THE ADDICTIONAL RESOURCES WILL BE NEEDED TO HELP WITH AFFORDABLE TRANSPORTATION, AND THE VERY MUCH NEEDED MEDICAL COVERAGE FOR EYEGLASSES AND DENTURES AND HEARING AIDS, THESE HAVE BEEN UNMET NEEDS F OR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME. WE DEFINITELY NEED LEGISTRATION TO HELP OVERCOME THESE MUCH NEEDED SERVICES. IN CLOSING I THANK MS. SANDRA ROLLINS, MSSW, FOR HER TIME AND ASSISTANCE IN THIS VERY DIRE MATTER. I REMAIN ESTEEMLY, RODNEY COBBS