The Tenant of Wildfell Hall by Anne Bronte Essay

The Tenant of Wildfell Hall by Anne Bronte - Essay Example The structure of the novel is a story within a story. The writer introduces a diary entry in the middle of the novel to tell the story of how Helen married and ran away from her former husband. The diary, told from Helen’s point of view, forms the bulk of the novel and most of the themes are to be found in this part of the book. Through her diary entries, Helen lets the reader know exactly what she went through in her marriage and what pushed her to want to leave her husband. It is through the diary narrative that the reader gets to know more about what society expected of women and the role of men during the Victorian era. The complex structure of the novel depicts the complex social situation of the woman during the Victorian era. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall talks about the issues of marriage, divorce and remarriage during the Victorian era. The main focus is on the place of the woman in a patriarchal society which considers a woman to have no rights whatsoever once she is married. In this society, the woman is supposed to be the angel in the house, the good person who is there to serve her husband and take care of her children. The heroine in the story is Helen, a woman who gets married to Arthur Huntington, a character presented as lacking in basic morals and sense of responsibility. Huntington represents the male figures during the Victorian era who drink themselves to stupors, gamble and party without having any regard for the consequences of their actions (106). On the other hand, their faithful spouses are required to put up with their roguish behaviors and ask no questions at all. Helen’s outspoken nature often puts her in conflict with those around her since it is expected that she should not question what her husband does. At the beginning of the narration, Helen meets and falls in love with Huntington who is handsome and has a charming personality which Helen falls

Electronic Commerce Essay Example for Free

Electronic Commerce Essay Introduction: E-Commerce is basically using the Internet to either buy or sell goods and it has been revolutionizing the way business is controlled. In recent times Internet has evolved so huge it has lead to development of lots of new web based technologies one of them, which is most used, is E-Commerce [1]. Online shopping is an example for the most used forms of e-commerce, which companies like Amazon or eBay offer. E-Commerce in Modern Business: Nowadays businesses that do not have an EC model have started adapting automating all the manual operations overriding it by e-commerce, since every person would want to save time and money, and these 2 factors are very important in a person’s life. Consider a person who wants to purchase a laptop, he does need to go to a store physically to buy it, he can buy it online within minutes, the laptop company would already have an online shopping website, the person can just browse for available laptops which contains all the information regarding the product right from color, weight, configuration, hardware and software’s, best part is he can also change the configuration online as he wants. Few companies offering online shopping are Dell, Apple, Hewlett Packard, Lenovo and many more. EC gives the people the added advantage to compare various products with one-click, they can either buy or sell their products. Usually sometimes people might not find all the brands in one particular store and now since EC has evolved to an extent where most of the brands offer online shopping a person is not limited to a geography and also M-commerce which is basically using wireless devices or handheld devices to do online transactions. M-commerce has been growing exponentially over the years. Smartphones is the new trend, people started creating Apps for their business, which can be accessed through mobiles, everyone can easily use the App on their smartphone to buy food, clothes, book flight/train/bus/cab etc. It is more  like people can buy anything from the device on the go if they have Internet [1]. E-Commerce in Social Media: Social media has really changed the way we communicate it has replaced all the old age types of communications like writing post cards or letters. Internet has a big role in this change; people use social platforms like Messages, Watsapp, Twitter, YouTube or Facebook for communicating. Many people have still have a doubt how would social media increase the sales of a business. It is simple since almost everyone uses some kind of social networking platform for communicating; these platforms really bring awareness, they showcase daily deals as advertisements, people can keep a tab on the latest products releasing from a brand, business use celebrities to endorse their brands, customers can directly interact on these platforms with others and can discuss the plus or minus of a product or a service [2]. So businesses can setup up an advertisement on a website or social platform to promote their product. Feature for a person or business to promote a product or service ranging from 5$ per day to 100$ per day, based on the payment the audience for the advertisements will be higher. Most of the social networking platforms make money through advertisements. LinkedIn one more social platform for professionals where people from various companies meet and greet each other, participate in technical or non-technical discussions, but one feature where e-commerce is involved in LinkedIn is, it offers a premium profile for users in which a person will have access to apply for more number of jobs and recruiters have full access to post a new job, search for people who need a job or who are considering a job change. This way EC has a very important role in social media too. International Barriers for Success of EC: 3 International Barriers to EC which and their role in EC’s success, one of them is no limitation to Geography. In an e-commerce model when the website  offers shipping to not only domestic places but also internationally, it really helps increase the revenue [3]. Consider a product like Cordless Warming Tray, which is available in America but not available in countries like India, so if anyone wants it, buying the product is easy, any person can purchase the item online through Amazon and enter his/her international address for shipping. E-commerce websites also offer an option for faster shipping if the person needs a product immediately for which the person should pay a little more for the shipping costs. Business are now seeing the opportunities in international markets and have started their business setup’s in those countries, like Amazon did in India recently investing 2 Billions dollars and Uber too a cab service business which is based out of America also started its business in India and few other countries. Success of EC can be calculated here by the increase in revenue from international markets. Only few companies are offering this kind of non-limitation to geography like Amazon, Barnes and Noble etc. Organizations that only offer shipping fewer countries include The Limited, J-Crew and few others. Second type of international barrier is language, considering most of them speak English there might be a section of people who do not speak, read or write English. So to offer e-commerce for those people or to those areas/countries e-commerce websites started adapting their software or website in such a way that a user who has no knowledge of English would be able to search for any product he wants without the need to type in English, he would be able to do it in his own mother tongue and the price of the product is shown in various currencies which would help buyers to easily compare the price. In this type of barrier the number of users base for each company increases which ultimately increases the revenue too. Since now EC model would not only have customers from places who speak, read or write English but also from places where they can use their local language to buy or sell goods, this is very healthy in the EC model. Third type of barrier is for a successful EC model is Legal battle and Infrastructure, as we talked about no limitations to geography and language, so when a company sets up a EC model in different countries the first and foremost thing they will need to comply with is the legal rules of that particular country. Following the rules and regulations legally would really help a company offering EC to run their business smoothly without any issues or hiccups. There have been lots of issues for few companies offering EC in various countries, consider Facebook which is a most used social platform all over the world had to fight for legality issues in few countries since people’s information was visible for everyone. One more example would be Google Earth, which faced a lot of criticism and legal issues and is now banned in India, since it was very helpful for some organizations, which are under the radar of military forces. There are success stories like Amazon, EBay and many more who have been successfully doing their business in different countries. These companies have setup their websites domain separately for each country. Like www.amazon.com is used globally, www.amazon.au is used in Australia, www.amazon.in is used in India, these sites have their own infrastructure setup to control the load of users. Since EC systems should be available 24*7 for them to gain the users reliability and confidence also because users are all across the globe they cannot afford to lose business, they need to have their website up and running all the time. To establish that they need to have heavy configurations, storage and network bandwidths and a team of technical experts who would have the capability to stop hackers from attacking their websites and access risk management techniques well before anything unusual happens. To sum up EC has been growing and will be growing exponentially in today’s and tomorrow’s business, since the ease of doing business has become very easy and as discussed time and money are important which can be saved from EC. Social media the main way of communicating with each other has also benefited from EC in a big way, since billions of users use this platform the revenue generated from the social media advertisements has made some of the start up companies like Google and Facebook to grow from a small scale companies to one of the biggest branded company and revenue generating companies all over the world. The international barriers have also as discussed added up to the success of EC. There might be limitations to EC like security issues and protecting the website or software from hackers but  it all depends on the organization on who attentive they are, how good their staff is in preventing such kind of attacks from happening. REFERENCES: [1] Turban, E, King, D (2012). Electronic commerce 2012: A managerial and social networks perspective, (7th ed.). Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. [2] R. T. Wigand, (1997), â€Å"Electronic commerce: Definition, theory, and context,† The Information Society, vol.13, no. 1, pp. 1–10, New York, USA. [3] Farhoomand, AF; Tuunainen, VK; Yee, LW, (2000), â€Å"Barriers to global electronic Commerce: A cross-country study of Hong Kong and Finland, vol. 10 n. 1, p. 1-40, Hong Kong.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911 :: United States History Work Safety Essays

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911 275 girls started to collect their belongings as they were leaving work at 4:45 PM on Saturday. Within twenty minutes some of girls' charred bodies were lined up along the East Side of Greene Street. Those girls who flung themselves from the ninth floor were merely covered with tarpaulins where they hit the concrete. The Bellevue morgue was overrun with bodies and a makeshift morgue was set up on the adjoining pier on the East River. Hundred's of parents and family members came to identify their lost loved ones. 146 employees of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company were dead the night of March 25, 1911. The horror of their deaths led to numerous changes in occupational safety standards that currently ensure the safety of workers today. At the time of the fire the only safety measures available for the workers were 27 buckets of water and a fire escape that would collapse when people tried to use them. Most of the doors were locked and those that were not locked only opened inwards and were effectively held shut by the onrush of workers escaping the fire. As the clothing materials feed the fire workers tried to escape anyway they could. 25 passengers flung themselves down the elevator shaft trying to escape the fire. Their bodies rained blood and coins down onto the employees who made it into the elevator cars. Engine Company 72 and 33 were the first on the scene. To add to the already bleak situation the water streams from their hoses could only reach the 7th floor. Their ladders could only reach between the 6th and 7th floor. 19 bodies were found charred against the locked doors. 25 bodies were found huddled in a cloakroom. These deaths, although horrible, was not what changed the feelings toward government regula tion. Upon finding that they could not use the doors to escape and the fire burning at their clothes and hair, the girls of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, aged mostly between 13 and 23 years of age, jumped 9 stories to their death. One after another the girls jumped to their deaths on the concrete over one hundred of feet below. Sometimes the girls jumped three and four at a time. On lookers watched in horror as body after body fell to the earth. "Thud -- dead; thud -- dead; thud -- dead; thud -- dead.

The Awakening: Romanticism, Realism, and Local Color Essay -- Chopin

The Awakening:   Romanticism, Realism, and Local Color  Ã‚  Ã‚      Imagine being far out into the middle of the ocean and at that moment, having to make a choice between judgment and individuality, death and life? In 1899, Kate Chopin composed a captivating novel titled The Awakening. Throughout Chopin's day, the work was regarded as nonsense and a waste of time on her part. Critics found the main character's rebellion to be foolish and unlawful. At that age, it was believed firmly that women should be nothing less than completely loyal to their husbands and should joyfully care for any children that they had while their spouse was away, hard at work. Edna, the central character, did not follow this standard. She says specifically that she would not give-up herself for her children. She is not one known to submit to her husband's every whim. Chopin brought Romanticism into play in a realistic setting with this individual. To these literary devices, she blends local color.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By manipulating Romanticism, Kate Chopin stretches one's imagination and startles one's mind. Romanticism is both a literary and an artistic movement. It took place in the eighteenth and nineteenth century during which people expressed freedom and individuality and emotions in their works. Chopin shows Mrs. Pontellier's display of freedom and individuality when Edna refuses to go in when her husband Leonce tells her to do so; rather, she stays out on the hammock and tells him to proceed inside without her. Romantics also loved exotic places and chose to display a character that follows his or her own heart. Chopin demonstrates this in her work when Edna realizes th... ...because Tuesday night social calls were a pastime, Realism because Leonce believed that Edna should put herself on hold every Tuesday night for company, and Romanticism because she chose not to stay.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kate Chopin is now considered a wonderful author for the same piece that was once prohibited. People realize that she was just before her time. She blended a Romanticism which is now common to out time with a Realism that was true to her time. She enhanced it with a mà ©lange of Local Color into her setting to give a full outlook of Edna Pontellier's world. Seeing everything that she has to go through, which option should be chosen? Would it be   better to live without freedom of individuality or die trying to get it? With all of the pressures that prevailed over Edna, she chose death.

Beneatha Younger

Beneatha Younger, an important character in A Raisin In The Sun , values good people. She does not think   of herself as black, she thinks of herself as an American human. She knows George Murchison and Mama and Ruth want tem to get married. He's a black American as well, but sees absolutely no reason to honor their African heritage. George sees himself as an American first and foremost and thinks that blacks who spend a lot of time worrying about Africa are wasting their time.Unsurprisingly, Beneatha seems to not be into George at all. Then after a strange turn of events she starts to love Joeseph Asagai and wants to learn about Africa. Benetha values a great education. She is aspiring to be a doctor an is attending college. College education has helped to make her progressive, independent, and a total feminist. She brings politics into the apartment and always talks about civil rights. During this play, she fights with her identity as an African-American woman.Asagai criticizes h er, saying that she's â€Å"assimilated,† meaning that she tries to hide her African-ness by acting white. He uses her hair as an example. Asagai can't understand why she and most other black women in America straighten their hair instead of leaving it naturally curly. Unlike the rest of her family, Beneatha looks beyond her immediate situation in an effort to understand herself as a member of a greater whole. As she becomes more educated, it becomes increasingly hard for Beneatha to relate to the rest of her family.Sometimes she can be a bit condescending and seems to forget that her family members (especially her mother) all work very hard to help put her through school. However, this character flaw only serves to make her seem all the more understandable and human. Ultimately, Beneatha is a kind and generous person, who seeks to become a doctor out of a desire to help people. In conclusion, Beneatha Younger, a main character in A Raisin In The Sun values many things. She v alues good people , good education and Independence.

The People Leisure and Cultures of Blacks During the HArlem Renaissance essays

The People Leisure and Cultures of Blacks During the HArlem Renaissance essays The People, Leisure, and Culture of Blacks It seems unfair that the pages of our history books or even the lecturers in majority of classrooms speak very little of the accomplishments of blacks. They speak very little of a period within black history in which many of the greatest musicians, writers, painters, and influential paragon' emerged. This significant period in time was known as the Harlem Renaissance. Blacks attained the opportunity to work at upper-class jobs, own their own homes, and establish status among themselves. To no ones surprise, they still were not accepted into the so called upper-class of white society, but they neither worried nor became distressed over the fact. They created societies of their own which opened doors for blacks to attain opportunities that were absolutely unheard of, just before the Renaissance. It was from this same society where the beautiful melodies of jazz emerged. Colleagues and peers of their own race, which created a powerful bond between them, accepted Blacks. The at titudes which prompted the movement were those that came about because of the beginning of : (1) the nationalist tendencies of the time, (2) the movement of black Americans from slavery to freedom and from rural to city living, (3) Afro- Americans renewed pride in their African heritage, and (4) the influences of the period bounded by the close of the Civil War and the economic collapse of the 1930s. From education, to the stage of Broadway, to music, and to a revived race, blacks possessed more intelligence, talent, and ingenuity then they will ever be given credit for and it all began with the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance, also known as the New Negro Movement, was the greatest of literary periods in which creativity and vehemence were clearly expressed. Literature was no longer a white write looking at the black experience from his/h...

Guide on How to Write Philosophy Essay

Guide on How to Write Philosophy Essay Is there a meaning to life? Do we have a free will? Is there a God? These are some of the so-called â€Å"Big Questions† that often motivated philosophers of the past, are intriguing to academically trained philosophers of the present and will be stimulating intellectual discussions among a more general audience in the future. Such questions may become a topic for your philosophy essay assigned at the university. For many students, writing a philosophy essay is something of a new experience and you might be a little unsure of what you should expect, or of what is expected of you. In this philosophy essay writing guide, you will find some preliminary advice about writing philosophy essays at the university that will help you determine where you should direct your efforts to achieve the best result. What Is a Philosophy Essay? First of all, you should realize that philosophical essays are different from essays in most other subjects. Wondering why? Philosophy essays are not written for the sake of literary self-expression and they can’t be approached like ordinary research papers. They don’t summarize that different scholars have had to say on a certain topic. They don’t present the latest findings of scientific experiments, tests or surveys. And they don’t present your personal impressions, opinions, feelings. Instead, a philosophy essay is a reasoned defense of a thesis. When writing assignments in your philosophy classes, you have to be doing philosophy. You need to ask insightful questions about fundamental ideas and concepts and provide reasoned, well-argued responses to these questions. You need to establish logical relations between your thoughts. Your task is to convince your reader that your thesis is correct so you have to use the method of rational persuasion. To write a strong philosophy essay, you should demonstrate your ability to think critically about certain issues and present your independent thought by offering new analogies, new examples, and counter-examples of familiar points or even a novel argument. What Do You Do in a Philosophy Essay? Your philosophy essay can’t consist of a simple report of your opinions on a particular topic or present a report of the opinions of other philosophers, it must present an argument. Your task is to defend the points you claim in your essay so you must offer convincing reasons to believe your claims. That’s why you can’t merely state: â€Å"My view is that S.† Instead, you must write something like: â€Å"My view is S. I believe it is true because†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"I think the following ideas †¦ provide a convincing argument for S.† Typically, you should start with your thesis and then make one of the following steps: Provide reasons to believe your thesis; Give counter-example to your thesis; Provide examples that may help to explain your thesis; Criticize the thesis; Defend your thesis against someone’s criticism; Explain the consequences that the essay’s thesis would have if it were true; Revise the thesis. No matter what purpose for the essay you set, you need to present convincing reasons to accept the claims you make and try to persuade other people to believe you. Philosophy Essay Topics Typically, a list of philosophy essay topics you can choose from is provided by your instructor. The topics are usually designed to invite you to deal with some specific philosophical issue or problem. They might be challenging but they give you a good chance to demonstrate how you understand a certain philosophical issue or problem and show your own skills in doing philosophy that is doing analysis, providing argumentation etc. You may be asked to respond to a certain philosophical statement, provide the explanation of a concept or a theory, give the detailed interpretation of a certain text, critically evaluate a philosophical theory or present your own answers to fundamental philosophical questions. Such philosophical questions may concern ethics and morality, science and technology, the universe and reality, human nature and human consciousness etc. Here are some examples of such philosophical questions that you are free to use as topics for your philosophy essays. Is Human Society Moving in the Right or Wrong Direction? Is There any Purpose in Life? Are There any Limits to What Human Mind Can Comprehend the Nature of Reality? Does Math Accurately Represent the Reality? Can Rational Thinking Exist Without Language? How Would You Define Human Creativity? Does It Have any Limits? Do Animals Have Morals? What is Your Definition of Morality? Is Poverty Inevitable? What is the Biggest Threat to Our Society? Before you start writing, you should make sure you understand the assignment. If you were given a longer prompt, pay attention to such words as â€Å"compare†, â€Å"evaluate†, â€Å"explain† or â€Å"outline†. You should present your own answers, give reasons, answer objections, and critically evaluate alternative approaches. Make an Outline and Structure Your Essay You should start with organizing your thoughts on the given topic. A good outline will increase your chances to make your philosophy essay logical, clear, and coherent. Besides, you will be able to see if you miss some elements in your argument. Your outline may look like this one: Introduction – draft your thesis statement; Analysis – provide a summary of your evaluation of the key points of your topic; Arguments – make a bulleted list of the major arguments you are going to make to defend your thesis; Counter-arguments – think about at least one objection to your argument; Summary – summarize your key points in response to your topic. Your next step is to think about a clear structure of your essay that will help your audience follow your argument and reduce the chances that your readers may get confused. Typically, your essay should follow the outline we have presented above and consist of the introduction, body paragraphs where you present your arguments and counterarguments, and the conclusion that summarizes your key points. Write a Draft Philosophical problems are complex and writing a philosophy essay requires careful and extended reflection. You can’t do it during the night before your essay is due so it’s important to start thinking about your topic as early as possible. Most likely, you will need to write more than one draft and make a lot of revisions to ensure that your essay is logical, clear, and concise. So it’s best to start working on your essay as soon as it is assigned to you. When writing your essay, you should use simple, straightforward words and keep your paragraphs and sentences short. Try to avoid complicated language when you can find simple ways to communicate the same idea exactly. Introduction Begin your introduction with formulating your thesis. You inform your reader what your essay sets to achieve – what your thesis is and how you are going to support your point of view. e.g. In this essay, I will argue that Mr. Smith †¦ I will use the following approach †¦ You should also explain some technical terms that you use in your argument to avoid ambiguity and help your readers grasp your ideas. Besides, you can provide motivation for your reader to read your essay to the end and explain why your argument is important and why your readers should care about it. If necessary, you should clarify how you are going to present your argument and lay out the structural plan for your essay to make the structure of your essay obvious to your readers and help them follow it. If your task is to critically evaluate someone’s argument, you will need first to explain this argument to your audience and only after that you should provide your critique. Keep in mind that you will need to present the argument in your own words and make your explanation concise and precise. Body Paragraphs In the body of your essay, you need to give your own argument on a specific essay topic and use plenty of examples and definitions. Philosophic claims are very abstract and difficult to understand and examples may help to make those claims clearer to the audience. You should write as many paragraphs as you have the key points and devote one paragraph to one point of your argument. It’s the most critical part of your essay because it will actually show your understanding of the subject and your ability to make your points concisely, thoroughly, and coherently. When discussing views of other people, you can use direct quotations or paraphrases and reference them properly according to the citation style specified by your instructor. But you should quotations and paraphrases to the minimum because it’s your essay and your instructor is interested to see your own words. Your argument will be stronger if you anticipate possible objections to it and respond to them. Very often this is an essential part of your philosophy essay. It actually provides support to your main argument and makes your key points more compelling. There can be different objections to your thesis but you should always think about the strongest objections and reply to them. Don’t take the unconvincing objections you can easier respond to. If you can’t formulate a decisive reply to these objections, you should admit it as well. Sometimes, your assignment may be to think about and provide several objections to your thesis and defend it against them. When presenting your argument and providing objections, you should to be very precise and state exactly what you mean. In this way, you will minimize the chances of being misunderstood. Commonly, you should expect to complete a short essay of about 3 double-spaced pages so you should avoid using too many arguments because too many arguments will confuse your readers. Keep your structure simple, focus on your topic, and stick to your thesis and arguments. Keep in mind that your essays in philosophy don’t necessarily have to provide a straight affirmative or negative answer to your question or a definite solution to a problem. It’s OK to ask questions in your essay even if you can’t answer them. You can use the following structure for your essay to make it flow smoothly. Thesis statement Argument 1 a. Counter-argument 1 Reply Argument 2 a. Counter-argument 2 Reply Conclusion Conclusion Your conclusion should be brief. Tell your audience what you think your argument has established. You should restate your thesis statement and give a short summary of your argument. You should be creative and don’t copy your introduction. In this part of your essay, you want to emphasize the most important limitations and implications of your own argument. Don’t provide any new information. Revise Your Draft, Edit, and Proofread: Tips from Experts When you finish your rough draft, put it aside for a couple of days and then revise it several times, considering the structure of your argument and your word choice as well. Typically, you will need to revise your draft several times and you should save all your drafts as you go along. That will allow you to go back if you decide to change your mind. Your final draft should provide the clearest version of your final argument. When revising your draft, you can make the following steps: Revise your introductory and concluding paragraphs to ensure that you have a clear thesis and that both the paragraphs support each other. Revise the structure to ensure that your argument is clear and logical. Delete any unnecessary sentences and words that don’t bring value to your argument. You may also need to add some sentences or words to make your argument clear but in this case, you should be very brief. When you are satisfied with the structure and content and are sure you won’t need any such changes anymore, you need to check spelling, grammar, and punctuation and fix mistakes if there are any. You can use some grammar and spell checking tools online. You should proofread your philosophy essay very carefully to fix minor mistakes and typos. A good idea is to find someone to read your essay. Your family member or a friend may notice some mistakes that you may overlook on your own because of the typical writer’s blindness. Before you submit your essay, make sure you have done everything possible to make it the best it can be.

tigers essays

tigers essays In Riau, a conservation forest, Sumatran tigers have killed three illegal loggers, including several others over the past week. The first reported attack took place on May 7 in the 150,000-acre Senepis Tiger Conservation Area, which is located near the coastal town of Dumai. For a while now, heavy logging has taken place in Riau, leaving the forest severely destroyed to make way for palm oil plantations. Due to the deforestation, the habitat of tigers has been intruded, forcing them to flee and search for food in the nearby villages or to attack loggers. Police say that Tulus, one of the victims, had been so savagely attacked that only his severed head was left intact when police found his remains. The attack took place on Thursday, when six other loggers, including Tulus, went into the forest to cut down trees. The same tiger that attacked Tulus also seriously wounded two other loggers, and killed two others outside of the conservation area. Even though the loggers were illegally cutting down trees and endangering the Sumatran tigers, I do not believe they deserved to be attacked as severely as they were. The tigers on the other hand, have a right to be overprotective and desperately in need of food. Its like a robber coming into your house and taking all your food. Would you really just let him do that? As a result, it is the loggers fault that they got attacked. First off, they were cutting down trees in a Tiger Conservation Area, hint there are tigers there. Second, they destroyed the tigers habitat and left them to search for food in other places. Third, they were illegally cutting down trees. Maybe the loggers did not deserve to die, but I think the a tiger bite or two would have taught them a thing or two about invading and destroying someones home. ...

College admissions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

College admissions - Essay Example My cumulative GPA is low because in my first year at Radford, I only did four out of the required six classes to be a full time student. My Ranford transcripts do not reflect my true academic potential adequately. I am a focused student who was perplexed during my first year of study and was not fully aware of the academic requirements of the institution. I have been going to Northern Virginia Community College and have an acceptable GPA but not when they factor in the 1st year at Radford. My acceptable GPA proves that I am a serious student focused on my educational endeavors. In addition, my test scores indicate that I have the required proficiency to fit into college and better my education. From personal experience, I am aware that I must create a respectful environment for these values to accomplish the integrity and success associated with George Mason University. I believe that I can carve my niche in the university, and similarly, the university can carve in me a similar niche. The problem is that I previously had no goals and was clueless on the exact path I wanted to take pertaining to my career. Presently, I am older and wiser and have some achievable goals I would like to realize in the coming future. I am certain that I want to be a special education teacher, based on my childhood experiences. When I was younger, I struggled with reading and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and for that reason, I feel I have a lot to offer children with special education needs. I feel that my experience will provide an original perspective in George Mason University’s quest for knowledge, and help create a basis for future success. Based on my goals in life, this is truly the greatest success I can imagine. My recommendation letter and referees can attest to my level of brilliance and hard work. Kindly allow me to fulfill my academic

Chemiluminiscence Experiment Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chemiluminiscence Experiment - Lab Report Example This undertaking involves the use of dissimilar concentrations of luminol and at varied temperatures (Roda 51). The experiment requires various chemicals and apparatus in order to become successful. About 25 ml of chlorine in liquid for will be useful as an oxidizing agent (Roda 53). Quantities of water of half liter will be desirable in the process together with 0.12 grams of luminol. Beakers will be in use for putting the reagents of the experiment. A beam balance will perform various measurements, which are suitable, for this experiment (Roda 53). An ice bath and a thermometer for aiding temperature measurements are fundamental. Other materials will involve a funnel plus a plastic tube. The procedure for the experiment involves measuring 0.12 grams of luminol by using a beam balance and mixing the mass with 250 Ml of water in distilled form (Roda 53). The action results in a solution of luminol. While measuring the luminol substance, a minimum of three measurements are significant for providing accurate measurements. This is possible by conducting about three measurements and finding the differences in mass. There should be a consideration of the mass of the paper that will contain the luminol substance in order to maintain accuracy (Roda 55). Maintaining accurate measurements is critical in reducing errors in experiments or deviation from the expected results. The next step will involve production of the bleach contents. It entails performing a mix of 25 ml of chlorine bleach in liquid form and about 225 ml of water in distilled form. The bleach and the luminol solutions are cool in an ice bath and the temperatures put in the record. The recording is for both solutions put in separate containers (Roda 55). Darkening the room will ensure efficiency in performing observations, especially, the amount of light seen when the two solutions come in contact. A funnel linked with the plastic tube will be present to

Describe the social structure of a chiefdom. What were the specific Essay

Describe the social structure of a chiefdom. What were the specific social rankings and how were these determined - Essay Example There is a variance of simplicity and complexity in different chiefdoms occasioned by reasons such as scale of development, financial capability and the orientation to a person or groups. An example of a chiefdom with a simple scale of development is one with low population rate that is led by a single level of hierarchy. This kind of a chiefdom is usually group-oriented while its source of finance being staple finance. On the other hand, a complex chiefdom has a high population rate under a minimum of two levels of hierarchy (Scupin, 2012). According to the societal structure of chiefdoms, they mainly comprise of clans, lineages, and other important groups. The ranking is principally in strata and it depends on the relationship to a chiefly family unit. In the stratification of clans, the hereditary status of a person and their relationship with other people in a clan stratifies their status (Scupin, 2012). The marriages in these clans are usually infused in endogamy within a specific stratum and they are based on patriarchy. This implies that senior men often are in dominance in chiefdoms. Importantly, there is an upper and a lower stratum, where the upper one is usually polygynous and most respected. Moreover, chiefdoms maintain primogeniture, implying that the firstborn children of the chiefs inherit the leadership upon the chief’s death (Scupin, 2012). In the matter of tribes, chiefdom is attained by predominantly by checking into a person’s achievements. This implies that a chief in a particular tribe is chosen on the merit of primogeniture but after analyzing his achievements. Chiefdoms remain the most complex of political systems occasioned by the different groups in an individual community. However, in clans, a chief is chosen basing on a person’s relationship to a chiefly family; whereas in a tribe, a chief is chosen based on their personal achievements. The constant factor for the attainment of the chief

Health Care Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Care Management - Essay Example This course on health care finance gave me the much needed perspective to understand the current health care scenario and the challenges that it faces from the financial perspective. As the course progressed I realized that health care finance is very important and relevant with respect to the current health care scenario of rising health care cost and the demand of health care services. The case studies that were analyzed in class gave me an opportunity to learn about the various economic, political and social factors that influence decision making in the field of health care. It gave me an understanding of the various opportunities and dilemmas that health care managers face and I now appreciate the work that goes into ensuring that quality care services are provided to the patients. The case studies challenged me to critically think and evaluate each case material by considering the dilemmas posed by each scenario and developing strategies to respond to or resolve these issues. In addition to this, I was also challenged to identify and prioritize competing issues which helped me to develop my problem-solving skills and improved my ability to analyze and reason rigorously especially when it came to scenarios requiring resource allocation in view of political constraints and changing market demands.

The high rate of violence on TV and video games causes the high rate Research Paper

The high rate of violence on TV and video games causes the high rate of depression and sadness in American society - Research Paper Example demonstrates that trauma felt in childhood can often carry over into adulthood, causing distress, depression, and increased violence in the individual. This is true of television as well, and there is definitely a connection between watching television and increased feeling of depression and violence in adulthood. According to psychodynamic theory, something is generally â€Å"missing† from an individual’s life as the cause of depression, and for those that watch far too much television as children. This missing element can often be play with other children or interaction with family (some psychologists have referred to television as a detrimental type of babysitter for families). Studies show that television is an integral part of culture and many families spend more time in front of the television than they do conversing. Hence, this lack of social and familiar interaction can also contribute to the depression present in those that are exposed to too much television, along with the psychological trauma inflicted by violent television. Furthermore, the violence witnessed on television also creates problems from a psychodynamic standpoint and leads to depression. Trauma experienced via watching television in childhood can carry through to adulthood and cause further problems of depression for adults that viewed too much violence on television as children. Like psychodynamic theory states, this â€Å"dynamic† of television is the problem that roots itself in childhood and carries itself through adulthood, causing depression. The first part of this problem comes from the fact that television is in high demand in our culture. Many children and adults watch 21-23 of television per week, and 3 to 5 violent acts per hour ("Media Violence (RE9526)" 1). Many families have taken to watching television while eating dinner, and most families admit that they watch television when they eat instead of having conversations with each other. This can often attribute to

Health Care Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Care Management - Essay Example This course on health care finance gave me the much needed perspective to understand the current health care scenario and the challenges that it faces from the financial perspective. As the course progressed I realized that health care finance is very important and relevant with respect to the current health care scenario of rising health care cost and the demand of health care services. The case studies that were analyzed in class gave me an opportunity to learn about the various economic, political and social factors that influence decision making in the field of health care. It gave me an understanding of the various opportunities and dilemmas that health care managers face and I now appreciate the work that goes into ensuring that quality care services are provided to the patients. The case studies challenged me to critically think and evaluate each case material by considering the dilemmas posed by each scenario and developing strategies to respond to or resolve these issues. In addition to this, I was also challenged to identify and prioritize competing issues which helped me to develop my problem-solving skills and improved my ability to analyze and reason rigorously especially when it came to scenarios requiring resource allocation in view of political constraints and changing market demands.

Public University Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public University Analysis - Research Paper Example The financial statements in this institution contains some remarkable disclosure of the cost that the institution goes through in providing retirement benefits, related gains, assets and lastly all liabilities. These financial statements therefore, are able to provide the employees with a clear view of the risks and rewards that arise from the defined benefits. In addition, all funding obligations which are in relations to all liabilities of the benefits schemes defined are all clearly identified (University of Maryland, 2012). GAASB proposed changes are likely to reduce the liability burden as they will increase the level of accountability an aspect that is likely to reduce the cash lost due to cases of negligence. Proposed changes also address deeply on issues of common deposits and other investment risks such as interest rate risks and even fluctuating of the foreign currency risks. The policy recommendations to disclose all investments that are highly sensitive to these risks wil l reduce the money lost through fluctuating of the currency and changes in the interest rates (University of Maryland, 2012). One of the major economic condition that s likely to affect the growth of this institution is government changes in labor policies. Government is likely to change the policies such as medical policies and retirement policies. Some of the likely changes that are likely to be outlined include; increased amount contributed towards the pension scheme and specified amount that the institution should direct towards payment of medical insurance for its employees. This is likely to reduce the amount of money directed towards improving the status of the university. Second aspect that is likely to affect the future success of university of Maryland is increased government intervention and regulations in university through taxation. This is likely to slower the level of activities in the institution an aspect that will be replicated in the overall growth rate of the ins titution (University of Maryland, 2012). Changes in the foreign currency and interest rates will have direct impact on the overall growth of university of Maryland. The institution conducts many transactions some of which depend largely on the interest rates. Fluctuations in the currency and changes in the overall economy will therefore hamper the level of growth in the university (Gibson, 2012). In university of Maryland grants are used to fund major projects that are aimed at improving the education status in the university. In addition to this, they are used in daily running of the institution. Also, they are sometimes used to cover the liabilities that the institutions have incurred over the past periods in order to reduce burden to the institution (Gibson, 2012). Grants such as federal grants are used by the institution to offer students with the scholarships. This is aimed at helping the needy students who are not capable of paying for their school fees. In addition to this, t hese funds are directed towards equipping the institution with the current technology in order to improve the level of research conducted by the institution. As a result, the institution has been able to conduct many researches in different fields an aspect that has improved the overall growth of the state and economy at large (Gibson, 2012). With GAADB laid procedures on how to use funds in the institutio

Self-Disclosure Peer Review Essay Example for Free

Self-Disclosure Peer Review Essay In the field of psychiatry, self-disclosure is only limited on the side of the therapist because the purpose of the session is to elicit as much information as the therapist can from the client. This is necessary so as to effectively provide solutions for the client’s psychological problems. If the therapist would inject self-disclosing moments during the session, this can either make the client feel insignificant and incompetent. However, if self-disclosure would be used appropriately, it can further enhance the session thus speeding up the process. In line with this, I think if a therapist decides to disclose personal experiences or information to the client, caution must always be in mind. Clients should be treated gently as if they are always in a vulnerable state. Through this, additional problems or conflicts can be prevented from manifesting. Post No. 2 by Meagan Bowser I agree with what the learner have posted about self-disclosure. This method should be utilized correctly and it should be implemented at the right time. Therapists must always put the clients first before themselves during sessions so as to emphasize that the focus are the clients and not the therapists. However, since people are distinct from one another using self-disclosure as a tool to resolve problems can have varying results. A certain approach for a specific client may not be applicable to another client. More so, is it appropriate for therapists to make up information in order to show empathy? For example, if a therapist has no experience or any idea about the situation of the client, can the therapists create fictional experiences so as to make the clients feel that they are not alone? Will this gesture be ethical or not?

Post Colonial Society: Hamza Alvi

Post Colonial Society: Hamza Alvi In his influential article on the state in post colonial society, Hamza Alvi argues that the original base of the post colonial state apparatus lies in the class forces existing in the colonial era Metropole. The task colonial state apparatus was to subordinate all the indigenous classes (indigenous bourgeois, the Metropolitan neo-colonist bourgeoisie and the landed masses) in the colony. It did not rest on any of these classes. On the contrary, the colonial power established highly developed military and bureaucracy to control these classes, thus the state apparatus was overdeveloped. He further argues that if a colony has a weak and underdeveloped indigenous bourgeoisie, it will be unable at the moment of independence to subordinate the relatively highly developed colonial state apparatus through which the metropolitan power had exercised dominion over it. As an alternative, a new convergence of interests of three competing propertied classes will emerge. Under these circumstances, the bureaucratic-military oligarchy, that has a distinct relative autonomy, would play a role of mediator among these classes and will take a top position in the hierarchy of post colonial state. As a result, the state apparatus acquires relatively autonomous role and is not simply the instrument of any of these classes. Conversely, the demands and interests persist no longer contradictory. Since, this idea was proposed by keeping in mind the political dynamics of post colonial societies of Pakistan and Bangladesh, therefore, my contention is to draw arguments in light of political and social changes in these societies. To draw the role of bureaucracy and military in the colonial era, I will rely on Hamza Alvis accounts and lectures of Dr, Yaqoob K. Bangash. Bureaucracy and Military during Colonial era Hamza Alvi mentions that in colonial India the colonial power established the powerful institutions of bureaucracy and military to subordinate other three bourgeois classes. Therefore, the state structure of India was overdeveloped. This rhetoric is somehow correct in regard of bureaucracy, as it was the main source of policy making and issue resolution. The reason behind the supremacy of bureaucracy was that the colonial apparatus ensured the priority role of bureaucracy in solving the day to day issues of the masses- therefore, the masses accepted their authority. The other possible reason could be the psychological one as the politicians used to blame the bureaucrats in front of public to hide their own failures- so, the masses accepted the quality power of the bureaucracy. He assigns with military the same role in colonial state apparatus as he assigns with bureaucracy. However, the modern researches show that the military, in first half of the 20th century, was not as powerful as portrayed by Alvi. In-fact, the military had no role in decision making as most of the policies were articulated by either parliament or bureaucracy. Moreover, the masses did not know the dominance of military in the state apparatus. Besides, with the beginning of the 20th century the numbers of military personnels in the Indian colonial army were dramatically reduced. Therefore, it is plausible to say that the Hamza Alvi miscalculated the role of military in colonial state apparatus. Therefore, it can be assumed that if the state apparatus was overdeveloped than it would have been partially overdeveloped. In the next section, I will investigate, is there was continuity in the role of the bureaucracy? If not, then under which circumstances the military and bureaucracy took control of the state apparatus? To answer these questions I will draw a chronology of events in post colonial Pakistan with the help of Hamza Alvis and Dr. Ejaz Hussains accounts. Bureaucratic-military oligarchy and Pakistan Muslim League, as being the vanguard of the movement for national independence, inherited the mantle of legitimacy. The Muslim League initially provided the faà §ade of parliamentary government. However, Muslim League leaned heavily on the stature and authority of its leader, Quaid-e Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, who died soon after independence. Soon, it lost its bases and started to disintegrate dramatically. As a result, the powerful inherited bureaucracy took a central position. Even during his lifetime Jinnah preferred bureaucratic machinery over electoral politics as he might have thought that a well trained civil bureaucracy would solve Pakistans various problems, such as the settlement of refugees etc. (Hussain 2010, 280). The inherited military that was not fully developed at that time, adopted a strategic partnership with the bureaucracy to accomplish socioeconomic interests (Hussain 2010). Hamza Alvi calls this collaboration bureaucratic-military oligarchy. Bureaucratic-military oligarchy manipulated and installed and barred the politicians and political parties. In 1958, the prospects of the approaching general elections posed a challenge to the supremacy of the bureaucratic-military oligarchy, therefore, it seized power by abolishing the institutions of parliamentary government. Its noteworthy that the constitution was abrogated by ex military man-turned bureaucrat-turned politician Iskandar Mirza. And Later, Commander in Chief Ayub Khan assumed power. But, at this juncture the bureaucratic-military oligarchy employed politicians to extract legitimacy from the masses and in the 1962 spoof democratic politics under Ayub Khans system of Basic Democracy was introduced. Ayub Khan resigned in 1969 but left the reins of power securely in the hands of the bureaucratic-military oligarchy. President Yahya Khan promised restoration of constitutional government and an election was held in December 1970 which ended in the political crisis which culminated in the secession of Bangladesh. Assessments The cross examining of colonial and post colonial state apparatus of Pakistan, depicts that it was a failure of politicians and political parties rather than the weakness of three exploiting bourgeoisie classes to avoid the supremacy of bureaucracy and military. It is also apparent that there was not continuity in the bureaucracys principal role in post colonial state apparatus. Ironically, the political leadership itself invited the bureaucracy to adopt the role of the principal actor. Hence, it can be concluded that the Hamza Alvis overdeveloped thesis is null and void on the basis of two arguments. First, he miscalculated the role of the military in the colonial era that makes the basis of his theory ambiguous. Second, despite his emphasis there was no continuity in the key role of bureaucracy and military in a post colonial state apparatus that makes his thesis illogical. Overview Of Personality Humanist Theorist: Carl Rogers Overview Of Personality Humanist Theorist: Carl Rogers Carl Rogers (1902-1987) humanist theorist is best remembered for his nondirective method of therapy. His approach was based on a client-centered form of clinical work. He believed that a humans basic foundation was that of good and positive features. Rogers theory suggests that people aspire to achieve their fullest potential if unhindered. A trained therapist should only be involved with an individual that is willing to participate in the therapeutic process. This paper will review the theories that Rogers favored and how his research impacted the field of psychology. Rogers was born into a conservative family in a Chicago suburb. His early studies included agricultural, seminary and social philosophy. While pursuing his seminary studies he also took psychology courses at a nearby affiliated school. As his studies progressed he became frustrated with religion and more captivated with psychology. With the influence of psychology instructors he chose to transfer to the affiliated school to pursue his doctorate in clinical psychology where he first encountered Freudian thinking. Like Freud, Rogers became a clinician. However, his strategies in therapy were far different. In the early years of Rogers clinical and laboratory work he was frustrated with the then established forms of psychotherapy. Kirschenbaum (2004) noted that Rogers was impressed at how strong the human will is and how patients will resist even the most skillful therapist interventions when it goes against their purposes or they have not chosen to change themselves. Rogers had become acquainted with relationship therapy from students of Otto Rank, whose focus was on the patients self-insight and self-acceptance within the therapeutic relationship (Kirschenbaum). In 1939, Rogers published his first book, The Clinical Treatment of the Problem Child. This publication launched his career and gave him the opportunity to start communicating his own views on counseling and psychotherapy. Now students of Rogers were asking what his views on counseling and psychotherapy were. By 1942 Rogers published those views in his second book, Counseling and Psychotherapy: Newer Concepts in Practice. But Rogers pià ¨ce de rà ©sistance was the publishing the work that defined his place in psychological therapeutic theory, Client-Centered Therapy: Its Current Practice, Implications, and Theory, in 1951. Rogers received many awards throughout his life. He was the president for the American Association for Applied Psychology (1944-1945), of the American Psychological Association (APA) (1946-1947), and of the APAs Division of Clinical and Abnormal Psychology (1949-1950); and he was the first president of the newly formed American Academy of Psychotherapists (1956). He remained active in his work until his death in 1987. It was poignant to note that on the day of his death, February 4, 1987, a letter arrived to inform Rogers that he had been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. Improving the strategies of psychotherapy was very important to Rogers. As a therapist he worked very hard to comprehend concepts available to him. As he began his practice he looked to improve the client-centered process, thereby lending to the development of the client-centered approach, also called person-centered psychotherapy. Rogers association with Sigmund Freud was short-lived and his similarity lies in their primary focus was clinical work. B. F. Skinner and Rogers agreed that they wanted to see approximately the same type of person in the future (Hergenhahn and Olson, 2007, p. 455) but Skinner argued that their differences were in the methods they were choosing to arrive at that future-behaviorism versus humanism. In addition, Rogers and George Kelly alike believed that humans sought, and were capable of, better personal . . . conditions (p. 408). There were several events in Rogers early studies and career that affected the development of his nondirective method of therapy. One of the earliest was that of watching his children grow up. Hergenhan and Olson (2007) discussed an early scrutiny of Rogers saying observing his children grow up taught him far more about individuals, their development, and their relationships than [he] could ever have learned professionally (p. 440). In pursuit of his PhD. Rogers learned that the psychoanalytic approach was often unproductive. The one event, however, according to Kirschenbaum (2004), that seemed to influence his historically noteworthy psychotherapeutic discovery happened while trying to help a mother find a solution to her delinquent sons behavior. Rogers theory that this mothers rejection of her son was the cause of his delinquency was met with no resolution. At the time that they agreed that they had both tried and failed, she queried Rogers about whether he took adults for counsel ing as well as youths. When he responded with assent, she asked for help for herself. It was this experience that Rogers realized that it was the client that knew the direction in which therapy should take. Kirschenbaum quotes Rogers saying that it began to occur to me that unless I had a need to demonstrate my own cleverness and learning, I would do better to rely on the client for the direction of movement in the [therapeutic] process. Additionally, it was at this point in Rogers theoretical progression that he encountered Alfred Adler from which he learned that a therapist could learn more by determining how the patient relates to the here and now (Hergenhan and Olson, 2007, p. 441), rather than focusing the patients history. Boeree (2006) commented on Rogers theories of fulfillment and satisfaction of the needs of all living organisms, even that of plant life-that it is in the nature of all life to expend effort to reach a definitive potential. He further stated that People . . . in the course of actualizing their potentials, created society and culture.   In and of itself, thats not a problem . . . But when we created culture, it developed a life of its own. Confessing that culture is not in itself evil, Boeree noted that culture for the most part has helped humankind survive and prosper, but at the same time it may have caused to hinder a persons self-fulfillment. Alfred Adlers concept of striving for superiority was a forerunner of Rogers suggestion of the incongruent self. Rogers believed that people, even infants, when given the chance, will choose what is best for them (Hergenhahn and Olson, 2007, p. 443). This is related to Rogers method of Organismic Valuing Process. He believed that experience was the authority on the developing personality. Rogers was noted as saying that Neither the Bible nor the prophets-neither Freud nor research-neither the revelations of God nor man-can take precedence over my own experience (p. 444). Rogers optimistic view of the human personality development fostered his belief that humans strive to positively enhance their own experience. He believed that experience took authority over all else, hence he pardoned persons that acted negatively attributing it to fear and defensiveness. Negative behavior was not in accordance with nature. Rogers believed that even those who acted out of fear and defensiveness had strong positive tendencies at deep levels which needed to be discovered. According to Hergenhahn and Olsen, the positive tendency Rogers was speaking of was the actualizing tendency (p.443). According to Rogers, actualizing tendency is the driving force as opposed to Freuds instincts as the driving force behind personality. Using actualizing tendency, humans evaluate their experiences with the organismic valuing process. This process, Rogers believed was within each human. It is sanctioned by a persons own senses. Other in the environment can devalue and even reject an individuals personal valuing process. When that occurs, many adopt other values to please external sources and the self-actualization goal is stunted. Cooper (2003) suggests this leaves the individual adapting to ideas and values conceived by others and thereby torn between what should be a fluid and malleable process, maximizing their ultimate development, and the rigid concepts of others. This can be particularly precarious because as Pescitelli (1996) suggests a person that is self-accepting is more accepting of others. That being the case, the individual may be overly influenced by the ideas of others, corrupting their personal fulfillment. Further, Cooper indicated that with Rogers and other humanistic psychologists the resolution came with reconnecting with the individual experience process. This process could be accomplished with Rogers nondirective, client-centered therapy that uses empathy, unconditional positive regard and congruence (p. 96). In Rogers phenomenological reality, Hergenhahn and Olson (2007) noted that the subjective world determines the behavior of people. When the environment interrupts the positive developmental process that takes place naturally, the individual misses experiences that enhance the self-concept that is positively valued and prepares for the emergence of the self. When an event or experience enters a persons awareness it becomes symbolized according to Rogers (p.444). Pescitelli (1996) commented on the value of an individual realizing their fullest potential and agreed that there needed to be an internal agreement within the individual and that the human capacity for awareness and the ability to symbolize gives us enormous power . . . but he also advised that care be taken, because if the self-awareness is distorted, then the growth may be unstable. Critical to Rogers person-centered approach to therapy is the clients receiving love, care, respect and acceptance from persons that are important the individuals life is the need for positive regard. People want to feel appreciated by the people that are most important to them. In the work of Rogers (1979), he stated that each individual has within him or herself vast resources for self-understanding, for altering the self-concept, basic attitudes, and his or her self-directed behavior. . . and that three conditions needed to exist to foster a growth-promoting climate in any situation which development of the person is the goal, (1) congruence, (2) unconditional positive regard, and (3) empathetic understanding. Incongruency occurs when people stop using their organismic valuing process. When people lose their sense of value, they begin to lean on society to make choices for them. This is when society begins to determine value over what their internal value system should tell them. Their frame of reference belongs to someone else. This is the first condition that Rogerss suggested was important between the therapist and the client-congruence. A genuineness and realness is imperative on the part of the therapist for the client to excel in their growth potential. Secondly, the unconditional positive regard was the means in which the therapist demonstrates acceptance of the clients climate at that moment. Moments change, attitudes change and the therapist needs to show nonpossessive [sic] caring (Rogers, 1979) for the client to flourish. Rogers believed that unconditional positive regard was an essential ingredient of psychotherapy (Hergenhahn and Olson, 2007, p 450). Thirdly, the precursor of the qualified therapist is achievement of empathetic understanding. It is vital that the therapist be so attuned to the client that they can clarify not only the meanings of which the client is aware but even those just below the level of awareness. According to Rogers, thi s was the ability to listen with real understanding, true empathy (1979). One noteworthy event that Rogers participated in was a video recording of an interview with a client, Gloria. This video recording was one of a three part film series comparing three forms of psychotherapy: (1) Client-centered by Carl Rogers, (2) Gestalt by Frederick Perls, and (3) Rational emotive by Albert Ellis. The client-centered approach ended with remarks by Rogerss interview with Gloria whereas, in essence, he was moved by the process that Gloria progressed through in her efforts of self-discovery starting with her description of her past and moving into her current situation. The evidence was demonstrated by Rogers-the value of the establishing the proper climate for the exchange of information, the genuineness of the therapist and the showing of empathy. These measures gave an observable impact on Gloria (Psychological Films, 1965). A study by Wickman and Campbell (2003) investigated the session between Rogers and Gloria. The study attested to the result of the client-cente red approach that Rogers employed. It genuinely made a difference in how Gloria felt about herself, when they reported that she made the statement Rogers had helped me to recognize my potential-my value as a human being gives credit to that concept. Additionally, Rogerss demonstration of empathy, genuineness and unconditional positive regard during the session helped Gloria see that she could be her own agent of change. As far as the analysis of Rogers work and impact on current psychotherapy is concerned, the overall desire of all type of therapy is that of taking care of the patient. In many cases, as Rogerss work showed it is that the patient that knows simply what is causing them trouble. The work of the client-centered therapist is to delve into the patients comments and to help them to uncover a workable solution to their problem on their own. The trained therapist should have the tools to help them to do so. Rogerss concept is very simplistic. There are occasions where a patient or client may have some physical limitation or mental illness that inhibits the progression to achieving a fully functioning person, i.e., schizophrenia, bi-polar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and others. Therapy alone may not be the solution, but therapy with medication may bring the patient very close. Hergenhahn and Olson (2007) observed that Rogers also felt strongly that a when person that does what truly feels good [that] is the best guide for action (p.462). They also remarked that Rogers said little about the developmental experiences that are conducive to healthy growth. I would posit that talk-therapy like what was demonstrated by Rogers with the patient; Gloria is a very effective strategy for someone like me. Intelligent, functioning persons that lack in positive self-esteem or reinforcement, benefit when tactical questions and conversational techniques like those of Rogers are used. It is also noteworthy that Rogers form of psychotherapy is still evident in the work of psychologists today. What is personally evident is that there are numerous therapeutic strategies available to psychologists that are positioned to help persons effectively grow and prosper in this fast-paced society that surrounds humankind today. The path that has been laid and that is being laid is vast. Personalities are challenging to decipher and it takes a psychologist willing to learn about and assimilate the plethora of information and patterns of therapy available to them to be able to benefit the many which ultimately becomes the few.

Utopia Essay -- Descriptive Perfect Society Essays Papers

Secluded in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, is a place called Sashy, a wonderful, perfect society. It is always peaceful and nothing bad ever happens on the island. The island's air is always fresh and free of any toxins or pollution. Temperature on the South side of Sashy is always warm with no humidity present. On the North side of Sashy the weather is always perfect for winter activities, the temperature is just cold enough for the snow to fall. The North side of the island is full of steep, snow-covered mountains. On the South side of the Sashy clean, sandy beaches cover the land. The ocean water is crystal clear and warm. Sashy is the perfect place to live. On the island, every person is treated as equals. No one person thinks or acts as if they are better than another. There is no racism or sexism present, all types of people reside here and get along together. Living on the island is people from all different cultures and backgrounds. Everyone lives in peace with no fightin g, violence, crime, or war. The people of Sashy, called Sashians, do not judge each other by their appearance or whom they interacted with. There are many diverse religions in this community. Each one does not criticize the others for their beliefs. Once a month all the different religions get together at the island community building and congregate together to discuss their viewpoints and thoughts on their faith. On this island there is no poverty, disease, or hunger. Everyone has plenty of money...

Blood Brothers by Willy Russell :: Blood Brothers Essays

â€Å"Blood Brothers† by Willy Russell Blood Brothers seems to have been set in the 1970s/80s around Liverpool. There is a lot about striking and major redundancies in it. Also about people moving "out of Liverpool" into the "country" ( Skelmersdale ), in order to provide better housing and better prospects for everyone. The social climate of the working class appears to highlight the differences between working and middle classes. The contrasts between the personalities and characters of Miss Johnstone and Mrs. Lyons are clearly shown throughout the play but these characteristics are mirrored within where each character resides. There is a clear and distinct line between the two social worlds is obvious as Miss Johnstone and Mrs. Lyons are shown to live at opposite ends of the social scale, Mrs. Lyons in a respectable area with everything money can buy, and Miss Johnstone in a rundown semi on a council estate. This becomes even clearer when Mickey says â€Å"up in the park† which seems to suggest that it is above the Johnstone’s status and that it is attractive and open in comparison to the estate. It also seems that neither parent wanted their children mixing with each other and also seemingly, boys from a different social class. Mrs. Lyons states â€Å"You see why I don’t want you mixing with boys like that! You learn filth from them,† after Eddie swears at her. It seems to confirm her stereotypical views about the nature of people who were less well off than her, which obviously includes how she sees Mickey to be. There is also a clear difference in the language and vocabulary that is used by both different sets of people. For example Eddie refers to his mother as â€Å"my mummy† which seems to be a rather mummy’s boy thing to say and a bit soppy and girly and also something a somewhat posh child would say. In comparison Mickey, who lives in a rougher environment, refers to his mother as â€Å"me mam† which is a rather typical thing for someone living as a child in working class Liverpool. He tends to be more colloquial and use more informal and slangy language where as Eddie tends to abbreviate his words and pronounce them all in the proper way. Mickey doesn’t enunciate the ends of his word (for example he says â€Å"Yeh† instead of â€Å"Yes†) whereas Eddie has a much more formal way of pronunciation. Another big part of language which is used by both boys, eventually, is the matter of swearing. When Edward meets Mickey he is very polite and rather innocent but upon being introduced to Mickey he begins to Blood Brothers by Willy Russell :: Blood Brothers Essays â€Å"Blood Brothers† by Willy Russell Blood Brothers seems to have been set in the 1970s/80s around Liverpool. There is a lot about striking and major redundancies in it. Also about people moving "out of Liverpool" into the "country" ( Skelmersdale ), in order to provide better housing and better prospects for everyone. The social climate of the working class appears to highlight the differences between working and middle classes. The contrasts between the personalities and characters of Miss Johnstone and Mrs. Lyons are clearly shown throughout the play but these characteristics are mirrored within where each character resides. There is a clear and distinct line between the two social worlds is obvious as Miss Johnstone and Mrs. Lyons are shown to live at opposite ends of the social scale, Mrs. Lyons in a respectable area with everything money can buy, and Miss Johnstone in a rundown semi on a council estate. This becomes even clearer when Mickey says â€Å"up in the park† which seems to suggest that it is above the Johnstone’s status and that it is attractive and open in comparison to the estate. It also seems that neither parent wanted their children mixing with each other and also seemingly, boys from a different social class. Mrs. Lyons states â€Å"You see why I don’t want you mixing with boys like that! You learn filth from them,† after Eddie swears at her. It seems to confirm her stereotypical views about the nature of people who were less well off than her, which obviously includes how she sees Mickey to be. There is also a clear difference in the language and vocabulary that is used by both different sets of people. For example Eddie refers to his mother as â€Å"my mummy† which seems to be a rather mummy’s boy thing to say and a bit soppy and girly and also something a somewhat posh child would say. In comparison Mickey, who lives in a rougher environment, refers to his mother as â€Å"me mam† which is a rather typical thing for someone living as a child in working class Liverpool. He tends to be more colloquial and use more informal and slangy language where as Eddie tends to abbreviate his words and pronounce them all in the proper way. Mickey doesn’t enunciate the ends of his word (for example he says â€Å"Yeh† instead of â€Å"Yes†) whereas Eddie has a much more formal way of pronunciation. Another big part of language which is used by both boys, eventually, is the matter of swearing. When Edward meets Mickey he is very polite and rather innocent but upon being introduced to Mickey he begins to

Case Study/Research Paper of Mergers Icici and Icici Bank

————————————————- case study ————————————————- MERGER DEAl: ————————————————- icici with icici bank merger For Mergers and Acquisitions in the BANKING SECTOR AAKANKSHA KUMAR * EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ICICI- Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited (ICICI) was founded by the World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of private industry on 5 January, 1995. The objective was to encourage and assist industrial development and investment in India. Over the years, ICICI has evolved into a diversified financial institution.ICICI’s principal business activities include project finance, infrastructure finance, corporate finance , securitization, leasing, deferred credit, consultancy services and custodial services. It has set up specialised subsidiaries in the areas of commercial banking, investment banking, non banking finance, investor servicing broking, venture capital finance and state level infrastructure financing from where the group draws its strength. ICICI BANK- ICICI Bank was set up by the ICICI group as a commercial banking outfit on 5 January, 1994 and received its banking license from the RBI on 17 May, 1994.The first branch of ICICI Bank was started in Chennai in June 1994 and by 31 March, 1999 and before the merger it had 64 branches across the country. From the beginning the branches were fully computerised with state-of-the-art technology and systems and networked through VSAT technology. It offered a wide spectrum of domestic and international banking services to facilitate trade, investment, cross-border business and treasury and foreign exchange services. This is in addition to a whole range of deposit services offered to individuals and corporate bodies.ICICI Bank’s ‘Infinity’ was the first Internet banking service in the country. Currently the Bank has around 350000 customers. * ABOUT THE MERGER After consideration of various corporate structuring alternatives in the context of the emerging competitive scenario in the Indian banking Industry, and the move towards universal banking, the managements of ICICI and ICICI Bank decided to go for the merger of ICICI with ICICI Bank which would be beneficial for both entities and would create the optimal legal structure for the ICICI group’s universal banking strategy.In October 2001, the Board of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank approved the merger of ICICI and two of its wholly-owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank. The merger was approved by shareholders of ICICI and ICICI Bank in January 2002,by the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmadabad in March 2002, and by the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank of India in April 2002.ICICI Limited merged with ICICI Bank Limited on 30 March 2002, with the swap ratio of 2 ICICI Shares for 1 share of ICICI Bank Limited. With this merger, the second largest Bank in India was born. RBI had given approval for the reverse merger of ICICI Ltd. with its banking arm ICICI Bank. ICICI Bank with Rs. 1 lakh crore asset base bank is second only to State Bank of India, which is well over Rs. 3 lakh crore in size. RBI also cleared the merger of two ICICI subsidiaries. FOR ICICI THE MERGER MEANT- 1. Increasing the speed in financing long-term projects 2.Obtaining access to cheaper funds for lending 3. Increasing its appeal to investors for raising capital base needed to write off bad loans 4. Competing more effectively in the retail finance market dominated by banks FOR ICICI BANK THE MERGER MEANT- 1. Expanding geographically 2. Utilising l arge capital base of ICICI 3. Gaining brand equity from the strong brand of ICICI 4. Deriving benefits from ICICI’s well established corporate relationship * CONDITIONS LAID DOWN BY THE RBI BEFORE GIVING THE APPROVAL FOR THE MERGER (i) Compliance with Reserve Requirements The ICICI Bank Ltd. ould comply with the Cash Reserve Requirements (under Section 42 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934) and Statutory Liquidity Reserve Requirements (under Section 24 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949) as applicable to banks on the net demand and time liabilities of the bank, inclusive of the liabilities pertaining to ICICI Ltd. from the date of merger (ii) Appointment of Directors The bank should ensure compliance with Section 20 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, concerning granting of loans to the companies in which directors of such companies are also directors. iii) Conditions relating to Swap Ratio As the proposed merger is between a banking company and a financial institution, all matters connected with shareholding including the swap ratio, will be governed by the provisions of Companies Act, 1956, as provided (iv) Subsidiaries While taking over the subsidiaries of ICICI Ltd. after merger, the bank should ensure that the activities of the subsidiaries comply with the requirements of permissible activities to be undertaken by a bank under Section 6 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and Section 19 (1) of the Act ibid. v) Preference Share Capital Section 12 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 requires that capital of a banking company shall consist of ordinary shares only (except preference share issued before 1944). * BENEFITS OF MERGER Through the merger, ICICI Bank became India’s 1st universal bank that is, one-stop shop financial services in India and acquired large market share of retail banking and offered a complete range of banking products. 1. Optimum utilisation of human capital 2.Improved ability to further diversity asset portfolio and business revenues 3. Reduced costs of funds 4. Availability of more float money due to active participation in the payment system 5. Diversified fund raising due to access to retail funds 6. Leveraged the ICICI’s capital and client base in terms of increase in fee income 7. Improved profitability by leveraging technology and low cost structure 8. Access to ICICI group’s talent pool and thereby development of human resource at lower costs. * PROBLEMS FACED . The risk of failure to obtain government and other approvals of the merger as per planned. 2. The risk of failure of the High Courts of Mumbai and Gujarat to approve the scheme of Amalgamation. 3. The risk of business which may not be integrated as smooth as planned. 4. Merger of ICICI Ltd and ICICI bank making it more difficult to maintain relationships with clients, employees and suppliers. 5. The risk of new and changing regulation and unfavourable political support or other developments in Indian and internatio nal markets. CONCLUSION The swap ratio was based on the valuations and recommendations of investment bankers. The merger ratio was set as two ICICI shares for every ICICI Bank share that is one equity share of ICICI Bank was swapped for two equity shares of ICICI. The merger brought operational strategies both in terms of economies of scale and scope. Economies of scale achieved through increase in business volumes at lower operating costs and deployment of latest technology. Economies of scope were achieved through enlarged product range.FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF ICICI AND ICICI BANK AFTER MERGER ICICI Ltd Profit to equity holders increased by 16% 21% increase in Indian GAAP consolidated profits ICICI BANK There was always an increase seen in the profits after the merger The merger took place in 2002 and its 2013 now the merger has successfully completed 11 years which shows that the merger created a strong entity, which will redefine banking in the highly competitive era of globali sation and liberalisation. BIBLIOGRAPHY * www. google. com * www. economictimes. com Case Study/Research Paper of Mergers Icici and Icici Bank ————————————————- case study ————————————————- MERGER DEAl: ————————————————- icici with icici bank merger For Mergers and Acquisitions in the BANKING SECTOR AAKANKSHA KUMAR * EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ICICI- Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited (ICICI) was founded by the World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of private industry on 5 January, 1995. The objective was to encourage and assist industrial development and investment in India. Over the years, ICICI has evolved into a diversified financial institution.ICICI’s principal business activities include project finance, infrastructure finance, corporate finance , securitization, leasing, deferred credit, consultancy services and custodial services. It has set up specialised subsidiaries in the areas of commercial banking, investment banking, non banking finance, investor servicing broking, venture capital finance and state level infrastructure financing from where the group draws its strength. ICICI BANK- ICICI Bank was set up by the ICICI group as a commercial banking outfit on 5 January, 1994 and received its banking license from the RBI on 17 May, 1994.The first branch of ICICI Bank was started in Chennai in June 1994 and by 31 March, 1999 and before the merger it had 64 branches across the country. From the beginning the branches were fully computerised with state-of-the-art technology and systems and networked through VSAT technology. It offered a wide spectrum of domestic and international banking services to facilitate trade, investment, cross-border business and treasury and foreign exchange services. This is in addition to a whole range of deposit services offered to individuals and corporate bodies.ICICI Bank’s ‘Infinity’ was the first Internet banking service in the country. Currently the Bank has around 350000 customers. * ABOUT THE MERGER After consideration of various corporate structuring alternatives in the context of the emerging competitive scenario in the Indian banking Industry, and the move towards universal banking, the managements of ICICI and ICICI Bank decided to go for the merger of ICICI with ICICI Bank which would be beneficial for both entities and would create the optimal legal structure for the ICICI group’s universal banking strategy.In October 2001, the Board of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank approved the merger of ICICI and two of its wholly-owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank. The merger was approved by shareholders of ICICI and ICICI Bank in January 2002,by the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmadabad in March 2002, and by the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank of India in April 2002.ICICI Limited merged with ICICI Bank Limited on 30 March 2002, with the swap ratio of 2 ICICI Shares for 1 share of ICICI Bank Limited. With this merger, the second largest Bank in India was born. RBI had given approval for the reverse merger of ICICI Ltd. with its banking arm ICICI Bank. ICICI Bank with Rs. 1 lakh crore asset base bank is second only to State Bank of India, which is well over Rs. 3 lakh crore in size. RBI also cleared the merger of two ICICI subsidiaries. FOR ICICI THE MERGER MEANT- 1. Increasing the speed in financing long-term projects 2.Obtaining access to cheaper funds for lending 3. Increasing its appeal to investors for raising capital base needed to write off bad loans 4. Competing more effectively in the retail finance market dominated by banks FOR ICICI BANK THE MERGER MEANT- 1. Expanding geographically 2. Utilising l arge capital base of ICICI 3. Gaining brand equity from the strong brand of ICICI 4. Deriving benefits from ICICI’s well established corporate relationship * CONDITIONS LAID DOWN BY THE RBI BEFORE GIVING THE APPROVAL FOR THE MERGER (i) Compliance with Reserve Requirements The ICICI Bank Ltd. ould comply with the Cash Reserve Requirements (under Section 42 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934) and Statutory Liquidity Reserve Requirements (under Section 24 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949) as applicable to banks on the net demand and time liabilities of the bank, inclusive of the liabilities pertaining to ICICI Ltd. from the date of merger (ii) Appointment of Directors The bank should ensure compliance with Section 20 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, concerning granting of loans to the companies in which directors of such companies are also directors. iii) Conditions relating to Swap Ratio As the proposed merger is between a banking company and a financial institution, all matters connected with shareholding including the swap ratio, will be governed by the provisions of Companies Act, 1956, as provided (iv) Subsidiaries While taking over the subsidiaries of ICICI Ltd. after merger, the bank should ensure that the activities of the subsidiaries comply with the requirements of permissible activities to be undertaken by a bank under Section 6 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and Section 19 (1) of the Act ibid. v) Preference Share Capital Section 12 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 requires that capital of a banking company shall consist of ordinary shares only (except preference share issued before 1944). * BENEFITS OF MERGER Through the merger, ICICI Bank became India’s 1st universal bank that is, one-stop shop financial services in India and acquired large market share of retail banking and offered a complete range of banking products. 1. Optimum utilisation of human capital 2.Improved ability to further diversity asset portfolio and business revenues 3. Reduced costs of funds 4. Availability of more float money due to active participation in the payment system 5. Diversified fund raising due to access to retail funds 6. Leveraged the ICICI’s capital and client base in terms of increase in fee income 7. Improved profitability by leveraging technology and low cost structure 8. Access to ICICI group’s talent pool and thereby development of human resource at lower costs. * PROBLEMS FACED . The risk of failure to obtain government and other approvals of the merger as per planned. 2. The risk of failure of the High Courts of Mumbai and Gujarat to approve the scheme of Amalgamation. 3. The risk of business which may not be integrated as smooth as planned. 4. Merger of ICICI Ltd and ICICI bank making it more difficult to maintain relationships with clients, employees and suppliers. 5. The risk of new and changing regulation and unfavourable political support or other developments in Indian and internatio nal markets. CONCLUSION The swap ratio was based on the valuations and recommendations of investment bankers. The merger ratio was set as two ICICI shares for every ICICI Bank share that is one equity share of ICICI Bank was swapped for two equity shares of ICICI. The merger brought operational strategies both in terms of economies of scale and scope. Economies of scale achieved through increase in business volumes at lower operating costs and deployment of latest technology. Economies of scope were achieved through enlarged product range.FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF ICICI AND ICICI BANK AFTER MERGER ICICI Ltd Profit to equity holders increased by 16% 21% increase in Indian GAAP consolidated profits ICICI BANK There was always an increase seen in the profits after the merger The merger took place in 2002 and its 2013 now the merger has successfully completed 11 years which shows that the merger created a strong entity, which will redefine banking in the highly competitive era of globali sation and liberalisation. BIBLIOGRAPHY * www. google. com * www. economictimes. com

Metrics for GGI

The marketing approach for the implementation of the GGI procedure can be measured using several metrics. In this aspect, it would be more available for the business owners to realize how to go about the recommended processes in increasing the commercial exposure of the products. As what has been recommended previously, the significant marketing plan for the GGI commodities is advertising dealing with media facilities such as direct marketing, TV ads, radio plugs, print distribution and electronic promotions. In order to measure how each of these promotional plans are performing with respect to total profitability outputs, certain marketing metrics can be applied. In the case of GGI, items are sold through different channels of dealers, sub-dealers and retailers. However, to get hold of the natural response of the consumers to the promotional scheme, it would be advisable for the company to target measuring the metrics based on the lowest scale of transactions-the end users or the retailers. In this way, the overall flow of the products and the profit value being acquired can provide the most exact metric data for the business. The implementation of metrics needs to be separated in each of the marketing plan approaches. Advertising does not really measure how many products were sold, but can actually measure how the products’ commercial appeal will project metrics (Curtis, 2002). Electronic Approach-The best possible measuring technique for this advertising process is to measure the amount of positive responses based on e-mail replies from the consumers. Since mail database promotions were used, the actual response rate of the end users can be tallied or structured in a database which can count the frequency of the response in a limited time frame. The basic recommendation which the team can apply to this metric is that if in a succession of time frame the hits on websites and the e-mail responses increase with respect to the previous measuring interval, then additional investments can be made to make the channels more visually or commercially appealing. In terms of the website promotion, the metrics which can be used to measure the efficiency of the channel is to integrate a visit counter within the web pages. In this aspect, the company will be able to monitor how many hits per day are initiated by the online consumers on the website. Of course, it does not readily equate to sales, but the very aspect of monitoring the visits can create a very good projection of sales values. TV and Radio Advertising-In terms of the conventional mediums of advertising, the survey method can be used as the primary metrics for the efficiency of these media units. Of course, it may be difficult for the company to increase their processes within the broadcast network’s ability to expose the GGI products. But what can be done is to regularly set up survey procedures at least once a month. The metrics to be used should focus on how the respondents were greatly influenced to buy the products based on their exposure to TV and Radio advertisements. By the time the results are obtained, the team may be able to recommend purchasing additional time slots for these media ads. But before it can be done, survey results must first provide whether there is a direct relationship between consumer purchase and TV and radio ad exposures. This can be statistically measured using correlation and regression computations. Flyers, Posters, Retailer Promotion-The last suggestion for advertising is under the scope of non-electronic mediums. This is the most basic form of measuring metrics since the retailers and dealers themselves will get to construct their respective databases on how much sales they were able to produce. Moreover, each store will definitely have tallied numbers of purchases of specific items distributed by GGI. Therefore, the company will be able to immediately measure the success of the ad campaign in a given time interval. To make use of these metrics, the most effective process is to identify the market share earned by each partner retailers. Also, each of these units may capture the true flow of consumer preference by seasonally implementing Customer Relationship Management. Fabricated scorecards are always available in the market to help the retailers produce a reliable set of sales data (Miller, 2007). In an overall scale, the best metrics to use for GGI is to take note of its ROI or Return of Investment Values. This can only be computed if the company was able to dispose all of the products in a batch for a particular time frame Also, it is only possible for the business to measure such metric if all the initial investments were already acquired back. The remaining accounts receivable balance will then project the initial profit margin of the company. This will provide greater prediction strengths whether the marketing campaign was successful or needs improvement. Therefore, GGI might first consider improving its promotional campaign on the lowest level of advertising in the retailer units since these partners are the primary remitter of investment and profit value shares. At the present stage of GGI which is supposedly very young, the best metric to maintain is the ROI analysis. Since the investment values are still very fresh and somewhat conservative, it would be ideal to limit the creation of secondary analysis such as surveys and database management because these require additional investment expenses. Even though ROI exceeds surveys costs most of the time (Yun Lee, 2007), additional expenses will not be ideal for a starting business. With ROI, the only required tools are the company files and financial utilities based on the flow of products and acquisition of sales money. Apparently, knowing the most effective marketing metrics can save the company time and effort in allocating budget allowances (Cohen, 2007). References Cohen, J. 2007. Make More Money with Marketing Metrics. About.Com. Retrieved December 26, 2007 from http://marketing.about.com/od/marketingplanandstrategy/a/mrktgmetric.htm. Curtis, E. 2002. Commercial Exposure. Dental Editors. Retrieved December 26, 2007 Miller, S. 2007. How Important is Productivity Measurement in Retail Stores?. Ezine Articles. Retrieved December 26, 2007 from http://ezinearticles.com/?How-Important-is-Productivity-Measurement-in-Retail-Stores?&id=812937. Yun Lee, M. 2007. Conducting Surveys and Focus Groups. Entrepreneur.com. Retrieved December 26, 2007 from